Business plan for an Online Art Gallery The WritePass Journal

Business plan for an Online Art Gallery Task 1 Business plan for an Online Art Gallery Task 1Task 2Project plan for the site development:Task 3Market Analysis:Target Market: The Competition for the art gallery:Marketing Plan for the art gallery:Meeting Customer Needs:Quality vs. Quantity of the art gallery:Buying policy of the art gallery:Payment methods not allowed on the art gallery site:Promotional activities for the art gallery:Market segmentation for the art gallery:Task 41. The returns policy that will apply for the art gallery is given below:2. The regions and/or the countries that the gallery will deliver to;3. What the cost of deliveries will be:Task 5PresentationTask 6Task 71. Buyer Protection for the art gallery2. Buyer eligibility and other restrictions3. Fraudulent charges not coveredPayment methods not allowed on eBay:Reference:Related Task 1 You need to do some research to familiarise yourself with the subject area and to gain some ideas about how you can carry out the rest of the project. There are a number of websites that specialise in the sale of paintings and craft items. Use a maximum of 1 hour to review these resources. Bookmark the relevant sites and make notes of information that you can use in your assignment. Business Plan for the Online Art Gallery starts in the internet. Art gallery business is no different business than the other business that happens in the internet. Now a day various established galleries have adapted to this internet medium and number of  Ã‚   new business are rapidly developed across world in the internet business. Internet has opened the art business as various major barriers are demolished –distance area and limitation of demand and wants choices by the customer. In past if someone has to buy art material they have to reach to the place where that particular art is located and second thing is there was limitation of choices. lot of time and traveling expenses also beard by the customer .Now if any one like to purchase an European painting they are not failed by choices nor have to go to Europe. The rapid growth level of prosperity in the foreign countries has also given a dimension to the art industry across the world, as more and more people now a day c an afford to collect of their prospective and desired products within a short time period if the place of the produced product not in their country boundary. For an example10000 people   of America can   seeing and buying paintings, drawing, prints, sculptures and photographs by artists of almost all periods from the   organized exhibition by the Art gallery situated in the USA. Various Artists are now look for avenues on internet to sell their products and try to get benefit than the analog system of buying and selling the product. Though every artist has no personal website as selling their product to customers is one of the lacings of online marketing. The online site of art gallery will provide a instant platform for artists and will help in selling their product. Task 2 Produce a project plan for the way you intend to complete the rest of this assignment. For planning, use the timescale you have been allocated for this assignment i.e.   from   the   date   you   start   to   the   date   you submit your assignment. Submit a copy of your plan to your tutor BEFORE you proceed further with the assignment. Project plan for the site development: The site development procedure start from the 11th July and the completion date possibly 2 month later from the starting date. The project plan include the resource allocation for the site development, feasibility study for the market, marketing strategy development and implementation, action plan for the project, termination of the project, project funding etc. Gant chart of the project: Particular 10 days 10 days 10 days 10 days 10 days 10 days feasibility study site development Marketing strategy development action plan the project termination project funding Task 3 Marketing plans are detailed strategies of how to go about successfully marketing a product or products and earning a projected amount of return from the effort. A comprehensive marketing plan will consider such important elements as distribution costs, production costs, advertising expenses and any expense related to identifying and marketing the products to the consumers in the targeted markets. The marketing plan may focus on strategies related to the upcoming twelve-month period, the next calendar year, or include a span of three to five years into the future. The art gallery currently takes a commission of 30% on the price of each painting that they sell and, on average,   sells   between   6   to   8   paintings   by   each   artist   per   month.   The owner believes that it will be possible to set up similar commission deals with the craftspeople. The possible marketing plan for the project of the art gallery: Products and Services for the art gallery: The existing products for the art gallery are given below: Pottery; Wood sculptures; Glassware; Jewellery. Market Analysis: The market analysis explains the market situation and the opportunity and the threat of the market. It is one of the parts of industry analysis and this also the global environmental analysis for market. Through this market analyses the company or marketers can understand the chances, strengths, weaknesses and risks. The art gallery on the online is huge demand to the customer in the local as well as the worldwide. The online art gallery market is expanding day by day. The owner of the art gallery understand the situation by market analysis.by severing different site and the customer they realize that the customer wants to buy this kind of product that they provide in the art gallery. If they launch the online art gallery the local people and the global people can buy their product easily. But they have to consult with online art gallery and develop an effective site where the customer can sell and buy their product. This product has huge demand in the local market and also in the European market as well as global. Target Market: The art gallery provides Pottery; Wood sculptures; Glassware; Jewellery to the customers.so the potential customer are available mainly artist, art loving people, and all kinds and all level of people who want to but this product. The Jewellery customers mainly are the female person. The Competition for the art gallery: There are many established online gallery in the market .so the new market entrance the gallery should follow the strategy to market growth and expansion policy. The main competitors of this gallery are E-bay, Picasa, slideshow, picture gallery, global art gallery, and so on. Marketing Plan for the art gallery: The art gallery currently takes a commission of 30% on the price of each painting that they sell and, on average,   sells   between   6   to   8   paintings   by   each   artist   per   month.   The owner believes that it will be possible to set up similar commission deals with the craftspeople. Meeting Customer Needs: Our customers require fresh Pottery, Wood sculptures, Glassware, Jewellery. The system for establishing customer needs is based on the product offering of our competitors. Pottery; Wood sculptures; Glassware; Jewellery demand in the market is huge and the customer may purchase from the site if the site is launched  .the site develop such a way that meet the all demand of the customer. The site develops such a way that product quality and quantity is mentioned in the site. The owner of the gallery tries to meet the customer demand in high quality and provide the mentioned demand from the customer. Quality vs. Quantity of the art gallery: the existing   artist sells   between   6   to   8   paintings   per   month. If the online art gallery is established then it would be possible to sell at least 30 painting for each artist per month initially. The art gallery site visitors make choice the art paints and the quantities of the product may increase to the site .there are 30 artists make the painting at about 1000 paintings including oil paintings and  Ã‚   sculptures; Glassware; Jewellery products at about 1500 made by the 40 artist in this gallery.so product quality and quantity of this art gallery is satisfactory for the launching the online art gallery. Buying policy of the art gallery: The art gallery if launch the site the possible payment methods listed below: By PayPal By ProPay By Moneybookers By Paymate By Credit card or debit card Payment methods not allowed on the art gallery site: In this site buyers can’t ask to sellers to the following things.it is the payment method of the art gallery.so their specific system of payment system To Send cash through the mail is not applicable To   Send cash or money orders through instant, point-to-point cash transfer services (that are not banks) such as Western Union or MoneyGram To Mail checks or money orders (except for items in categories specifically permitted in the local and specific bank) To Pay through bank-to-bank transfers (except for items in categories specifically permitted in the local and specific bank) To Pay by topping off a sellers prepaid credit or debit card To Pay using online or other payment methods not specifically permitted in this policy Promotional activities for the art gallery: the art gallery’s possible promotion al activities includes the advertising on the social network site life Facebook, Ayol, yahoo messenger, Google talk, Skype and so other site .some exhibition may arrange for the customer attraction to the product. Some completion may arrange for the customer in the online and gift them luxurious product. Potential domain names the potential domain name is the big factor to attract the people on the site .so the assistant of the site proposed the tree domain name for the site those are given below: global art gallery Vinci art gallery world art gallery Advertising and other r promotional cost for the site development: The art gallery estimate that the cost of the site development and advertising and other promotional activities. The competition of the various social site and gift given by the art gallery is about monthly cost $50.the advertising cost will be estimated at about $100.promotional activities of the art gallery cost will be the $50. Market segmentation for the art gallery: The art gallery segments the market in different areas such as the local area, global area, sub-local area and far area. The local areas segmented by the owner for the ease of the marketing delivery. Distribution channel of the art gallery globally segmented for the ease of the delivery. The main areas of the art gallery are given below: Georgia, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Bahrain, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, American Samoa, Cook Islands, and Mexico. Task 4 Produce   a   draft   of   a   Delivery   and   Returns   Policy   that   could   be   included   on   the   e-commerce   site.   In particular the policy should address the following issues: 1. The returns policy that will apply for the art gallery is given below: Item must be returned within Refund will be given as Return policy details 14 days after the buyer receives the products they delivered to the customer. Exchange 14 days warranty from the received date will applicable. Buyers are responsible for the returning shipping costs under any circumstances. Return items should include the original packaging and accessories. Refund occurs only when item is lost by the shipping company. Maximum refund amount will be the selling price; shipping cost will not be refund since it has been delivered. 2. The regions and/or the countries that the gallery will deliver to; Name of the worldwide country that the gallery want to deliver their product: The art gallery segments the market in different areas such as the local area, global area, sub-local area and far area. The local areas segmented by the owner for the ease of the marketing delivery. Distribution channel of the art gallery globally segmented for the ease of the delivery. The main areas of the art gallery are given below: Georgia, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Bahrain, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, American Samoa, Cook Islands, and Mexico. 3. What the cost of deliveries will be: The local delivery cost will about the product basis. And the quantity of the product differ the cost. The other country that the gallery wish to deliver the product also mention in the site by shipping cost and airline cost for the quick delivery. Task 5 Presentation Task 6 Produce   a   list   of   ten   key   questions   to   ask   prospective   e-commerce   suppliers,   who   will   be   required   to design, develop and host the new e-commerce site on behalf of the gallery owner. The questions should seek to establish that the successful company has the necessary skills, expertise and track record to ensure that they are capable of providing a high quality level of service. list   of   ten   key   questions   to   ask   prospective   e-commerce   suppliers,   who   will   be   required   to design, develop and host the new e-commerce site on behalf of the gallery owner. Q-1: What are the products graphics tools used in the site that related toll the customers need and wants. Q-2: what is the time line of the developing the site Q-3: what are the key material for the picture and other product photography? Q-4: is there any interaction to the site developer to the artist to manage attractive deign of the site? Q-5: what amount of money taken by the site developers? Q-6: how the customers of the art gallery access the site? Q-7: is there any privacy policy include the owner of the art gallery? Q-8: should the copyright information needed to the site developer? Q-19: what category and quality of the product should be maintained for competition in the market? Q-10: is there any improvement needed to the existing product? Task 7 Put together a briefing report of no more than 600 words that summarises three of the major types of auctions that can be held, together with the main advantages and disadvantages of each. The note should also include your recommendation on the type of auction that should be used as part of the e-commerce site if the gallery owner decides to go-ahead with this opportunity. There are three major types of auctions that can be held for the art gallery and those are given below: 1. Buyer Protection for the art gallery The art gallery makes sure that resolution process when buyers claim to sellers that their item was not received or the item they received was different from what was described in the listing. Help buyers and sellers resolve disputes in fewer steps, and provide buyers with a more familiar ecommerce resolution experience. Offer an option to contact the art gallery if buyers and sellers cant reach resolution themselves. They take a more active role in ensuring transaction problems are resolved. Someone may ask to help sending or paying for an item and they are not able to. The art gallery doesnt have the items that are sold on the site. They can ask a seller to send an item, or a buyer to pay for an item, but the art gallery cant send the item to the buyer or pay the seller. When a buyer or seller doesnt complete an obligation, they take it seriously and we may limit or suspend their account privileges. They work to make sure that members on the art gallery are honest and fair. 2. Buyer eligibility and other restrictions Buyers who have purchased items on the art gallery site are eligible for the Buyer Protection Policy. Buyers who file a case through the art gallery Buyer Protection, but who did not purchase an item on the art gallery, will be redirected to the existing resolution process for the site they used, if any Sellers will use the resolution process initiated by the buyer. Resolution responsibilities and protections are outlined on the site of registration. 3. Fraudulent charges not covered The Fraudulent charges to a credit card or a PayPal account are not covered by the art gallery Protection Policy. If notice any charge on the customers PayPal account that did not authorize, report should be in the PayPal Security Center. Fraudulent charges made through the credit card should be resolved with the credit card company. Payment methods not allowed on eBay: In this site buyers can’t ask to sellers to the following things.it is the payment method of the art gallery.so their specific system of payment system To Send cash through the mail is not applicable To   Send cash or money orders through instant, point-to-point cash transfer services (that are not banks) such as Western Union or MoneyGram To Mail checks or money orders (except for items in categories specifically permitted in the local and specific bank) To Pay through bank-to-bank transfers (except for items in categories specifically permitted in the local and specific bank) To Pay by topping off a sellers prepaid credit or debit card To Pay using online or other payment methods not specifically permitted in this policy Reference: http://portal.ebay.eu/msn-UK/  Ã‚   viewed on 24th June,2011 http://pages.ebay.com/securitycenter/index.html analysed on 24th June,2011 http://pages.ebay.com/aboutebay/thecompany/companyoverview.html analysed on 25th June,2011 ebayonlocation.com/ analysed on 26th June,2011 randomthink.net/misc/ebay/ analysed on 27th June,2011 kiwipainting.co.nz/ analysed on 21th June,2011 net-art.it/artyou/home-e.shtml viewed on 24th June,2011 mynewsletterbuilder.com/email-marketing/art-gallery viewed on 28th June,2011 http://artmarketingsecrets.com/2009/05/how-to-attract-galleries-to-your-art-website-part-5.html viewed on 22th June,2011 net-profit-marketing.com/marketing-online-art-gallery.html viewed on 29th June,2011 thesugarhousegallery.com/art-gallery-marketing-strategy/ analysed on 24th June,2011 http://artistmarketingsalon.wordpress.com/nyc-gallery-list/ analysed on 22th June,2011

Improvements for Aaron's Situation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Case Study of Managing patient suffering Opoid constipation

Case Study of Managing patient suffering Opoid constipation This case study outlines the clinical management of a client with a problem with Opioid induced constipation. Opioid analgesics (narcotics) cause constipation in most people. Opioids slow down the stool as it passes along the intestinal tract. This causes the stool to become hard. If you have hard stools, have difficulty passing bowel movements and the movements become infrequent, then you have constipation. Constipation can be very bothersome and last as long as you are taking narcotics on a regular basis. Therefore, it is important that we learn to manage our bowels effectively. Throughout the analysis the anonymity and confidentiality of this patient will be protected as outlined by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) and therefore the patient will be referred to as Mark Scott. Additionally consent was gained by Mark to allow the author to use his case for my assessment. History of present illness Mark Scott is a 64 year old gentleman who is 2 days post op following a Right Total Hip Replacement (RTHR). Total hip replacement involves removal of a diseased hip joint and replacement with a prosthetic joint. Whilst doing the medications Mark confided in the nurse that he may have a problem with his bowels and that he may be constipated. To enable the nurse to assess Mark she would have to understand constipation, it helps to know how the colon, or large intestine, works. As food moves through the colon, the colon absorbs water from the food while it forms waste products, or stool. Muscle contractions in the colon then push the stool toward the rectum. By the time stool reaches the rectum it is solid, because most of the water has been absorbed. Constipation occurs when the colon absorbs too much water or if the colons muscle contractions are slow or sluggish, causing the stool to move through the colon too slowly. As a result, stools can become hard and dry. Mark asked the nurse if there was anything she could give him to ease the discomfort he was experiencing, However as Mark has presented with a new problem with the possibility of him needing medication, the nurse would first need to undertake a holistic assessment of Mark. The purpose of assessment is to allow the nurse to examine all relevant factors of the problem and allow her to make the decision of whether prescribing a patient group directive (PGD) is an appropriate intervention (Humphries, 2002). Consider the patient When Mark stated he thought he was constipated, it was important to ascertain his own interpretation of what this meant. For example, Wondergerm (2005) states that for some, constipation may mean opening their bowels less than three times a day. On the other hand, constipation may mean opening of the bowels less than three times a week. There appears to be a general consensus that the range for normal bowel activity lies somewhere between three bowel motions daily to one bowel motion every three days. However, it is important to remember that a change from three bowel motions a day to one every three days may represent a significant change for the patient, despite remaining within the normal limits (Peate, 2003). Mark felt he was constipated because he hadnt had a bowel movement in the last five days. On further questioning it emerged that these symptoms had been going on approximately 4 days before his surgery and when he did have a bowel movement he had difficulty passing the stools and often had to strain. Mark also stated that the stools were very hard and painful to pass, the symptoms that Mark presented with were consistent with the side effects of constipation, However the cause of constipation is multifactoriol with many influencing factors that need to be investigated and eliminated wherever possible (Banks,1998). In Marks case it was the analgesia he was taking to control his pain post operatively. During Marks assessment, enquiries were made as to whether he was experiencing any other symptoms with his constipation, such as blood in the stools, rectal bleeding and/or mucus discharge, recent weight loss, abdominal pain or alternating constipation/diarrhoea. Edwards and Bentley (2001) state that this is important during history taking as all of these symptoms are common of colon and rectal cancer and the possibility of this disease should be in the mind of the nurse looking after Mark. Mark assured the nurse that he hadnt experienced any of the symptoms mentioned although he did have a little discomfort in the area of his abdomen, lots of wind but no pain. If Mark had any of these symptoms the nurse would have to liase with the patients consultant. No medication would have been given by the nurse at this stage. This is because as a nurse, she is accountable for her actions and omissions (NMC, 2008). For example, if Mark was to have a bowel obstruction such as a tumour which is c ontra-indicated for most laxatives, and the nurse had prescribed such medication then Mark may believe he has been harmed by her careless prescribing. Additionally failure to refer a patient for more senior opinion is considered to fall below an acceptable standard of care (Griffith and Tengnah, 2004). It is important to ascertain how much dietary fibre and fluids are being taken by the patient as high fibre content is effective in increasing stool weight and bowel movement frequency, ultimately preventing constipation. Additionally, low fluid intake has been associated with constipation, slowing colonic transit time or reducing stool output (Walker, 1997). Current medication regimes, whether prescribed or purchased over the counter is essential information and can assist in identifying any drugs that may be responsible for causing constipation (Annells and Koch, 2002). Additionally, a history of medicine taking should include noting whether a patient has any allergies. For example, arachis oil enemas have a nut basis and may cause allergic reactions (Edwards and Bentley, 2001). Pre and post operatively Mark had been prescribed analgesics in the form of Paracetamol, codiene and ibuprofen for his pain. He had been taking these regularly daily. Mark wasnt taking any other medication, wasnt allergic to anything he knew of and hadnt purchased anything over the counter for his constipation. Opioids are a common cause of constipation and act by increasing intestinal smooth muscle tone, by suppressing forward peristalsis and reducing sensitivity to rectal distension. This results in delayed passage of faeces through the gut (Fallon and ONeil, 1998). Through assessment together with eliminating possible causes and sinister abnormalities, the nurse diagnosed Mark with constipation secondary to opioid use. Which Strategy/Product Where the patient complains of feeling constipated and is experiencing discomfort, a rectal examination (DRE) is indicated in order to detect a loaded rectum and to determine which choice of product to administer, and this will depend on the consistency of the stool found on examination (Edwards and Bentley 2001). Digital rectal examination (DRE) is an invasive procedure and should only be performed after completion of a full assessment of constipation. The Royal College of nursing guidelines (2006) recommend that nurses undertaking digital examination are appropriately trained. Furthermore consent to this procedure needs to be gained as outlined by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2008) Further to examination, it emerged that no stools could be felt within the rectum. However, Edwards and Bently (2001) suggest that it is anatomically impossible to conclude that the rectum is empty through simple digital examination, as the length of the rectum is approximately 15cm and is th erefore beyond the reach of the longest index finger. Therefore due to Marks history, the preferred medical route will therefore guide the need to administer a laxative. Amongst the stimulant laxatives are senna and bisacodyl. These laxatives stimulate the intestinal mucosa, promoting the secretion of water and electrolytes, enourging peristalsis (Duncan, 2004). Timby et al (1999) recommend that stimulant laxatives be used only for short periods of time to allow normal bowel function to return as soon as possible as long term use may result in diarrhoea and hypokalaemia. However Marks constipation may remain for as long as he is using opioids or could re-occur. Therefore this type of laxative may not be sufficient. Osmotic laxatives act by retaining fluid within the bowel that they are administered to or by drawing fluid from the body. They include lactulose, macragols, magnesium salts, rectal phosphates and rectal sodium citrate (Peate, 2003). A phosphate enema would not be used in this case because this is usually used prior to radiology, endoscope and surgery for rapid bowel clearance. Additionally Mark stated he didnt want to go through having an enema, and would prefer something he could take orally. Lactulose is non-absorbable and acts by softening and increasing water absorption. This laxative may take up to 72 hours to act and bloating, flatulence, cramping and an unpleasant taste have all been reported side effects, (Banks, 1998). Additionally, lactulose may not be suitable in constipation where gut motility is impaired such as opioid use in Marks case, unless accompanied by a stimulant such as Senna. However, choosing a senna/lactulose combination, means that taken together they will act at different times (Edwards and Bently, 2001). However, evidence comparing different types of laxative is very limited. Nonetheless, a study was found comparing a low dose macragol with lactulose for the treatment of constipation. The treatment was 1-3 sachets of compound oral powder (movicol) versus 10-30g of lactulose daily. After 4 weeks patients in the movicol group had a mean number of stools and a lower median daily score for straining than the lactulose group (Attar et al, 1999).This concluded that movicol was more effective and better tolerated than lactulose in the treatment of constipation. This would then justify prescribing movicol for Mark, therefore increasing the frequency of bowel movements and reducing straining. However the Nurse had to get Marks doctor to prescribe Movicol as it is not listed in Patient group directive, so the nurse gave Mark 10mls of lactulose and 2 senna until this was prescribed. Negotiate contract In implementing the strategy the consent and agreement of the patient is paramount, and may be viewed as a shared contract between patient and nurse. This is known as concordance. It is important for nurses to adopt this approach to administering medication, as this directly involves patients in decision making about their treatment. It must be remembered that nurses owe a duty of care to their patients. Duty of care is a legal requirement owed by one person to another to take reasonable care not to cause harm. The courts have held that the nurse-patient relationship gives rise to such a duty (Kent v Griffiths, 2001). Additionally, common law decided from cases requires that nurses take care when prescribing, otherwise, a patient harmed by careless medicine administration can sue for damages by claiming negligence (Griffith and Tengnah, 2004). It is essential therefore that duty of care extends to quality of prescribing, including, assessment, advice and information giving, record ke eping, decision making along with medication selection and calculation, as well as communication with the patient and other professionals. The patient needs to know what is expected of them in carrying out the treatment plan and when the nurse needs to reassess the situation. Additionally the patient needs to know what the medication is for, how long it takes to work and how to take the product (Edwards and Bentley, 2001). In Marks case it was explained to him that he would be prescribed a product by the name of movicol for his constipation and evidence found on its appropriateness along with possible side effects for his condition was explained. He would receive 20 sachets with a view to taking 1-3 sachets a day. It was explained he would have to mix 1 sachet with 125ml of water (British National Formulary, BNF 2009) and the importance of drinking 2lts of fluid was explained along with the effects that movicol will have within his bowel. Mark was alerted to any know side effects of movicol as these could be alarming to the patient if that information is not given, for example, abdominal distension, pain and nausea. However this does not mean that Mark will experience any of these. Nonetheless, this information is essential and Mark was told to report any adverse effects to the nurse. Record keeping The NMC (2005) guidelines for records and record keeping, state that good record keeping is integral to our role as records are sometimes called in evidence in order to investigate a complaint. In light of this all details, including full assessment details, along with care plans which were both planned and executed, plans for review, and medications and prescriptions given, were all entered into Marks patient held records immediately. Additionally this was also recorded within notes in Nursing Notes. Marks own consultant was also informed of this information in order to assist with prescribing and also to avoid polypharmacy and adverse events from drug interactions. The nurse also ensured the drug card was signed as per NMC guidelines. Complementary Therapies Complementary therapies are treatments used to support regular or orthodox treatments such as medication. These treatments may be used to reduce stress and anxiety or may be used to help with problems such as pain, nausea and constipation. Abdominal massage has been shown to be effective as a marginally effective laxative regimen in one trial. However, massage is extremely demanding on staff time, and consequently is unlikely to be of widespread benefit to the patient. Acupuncture, One small within subject trial of sham versus true acupuncture showed some benefit in chronically constipated children, but acupuncture has never been tested for opioid-induced constipation. Herbal preparations such as Senna, a laxative, may be used as pods or a tea. Rhubarb stems (not the leaf, which contains poisonous oxalic acid), chrysanthemum stems, and peach leaves have laxative properties. Many preparations promoted as herbal or natural laxatives are in fact bulk forming preparations which should be avoided in opioid-induced constipation. However, if possible medication can be avoided as bowel movements may be facilitated if done at the same time every day, by mobility and physical activity, and increased dietary fibre and fluid intake. However, these approaches alone may not benefit all patients, especially those with severe constipation. Nevertheless, deficiencies in physical activity, and fluid and fibre intake should be addressed. Physical constraints and barriers should also be rectified, and commonsense toilet practices should be reinforced, such as not suppressing the urge to defecate, and using public washrooms if out of the house rather than waiting to return home. Summary The above account highlights that in the clinical management of medicine administration, it is vital that this is undertaken in an informed and systematic manner. This can be achieved through the selection and application of an assessment tool and by having clarity about the decision-making framework used to underpin Evidence Based Practice. The NMC emphasises that the administration of medicines is an integral and essential entry criteria for the Councils Professional Register (NMC, 2008). Furthermore, the Code of Professional Conduct clearly states that medication administration must not be seen solely as a mechanistic task but as a task that requires thought and the exercise of professional judgement (NMC, 2008). For nurses to practice competently, they must ensure that they possess the knowledge, skills and abilities required for lawful, safe and effective practice. They must acknowledge their professional competence and only undertake practice and accept responsibilities for those activities in which they are competent (NMC, 2008). The NMC guidelines of professional conduct (2008) require that nurses must maintain knowledge and competence. This can partly be achieved by the use of reflection on prescribing and administrating decisions. Word Count 3012 References Annells M Koch T (2002) Faecal impaction: Older peoples experiences and nursing practice. British Journal of Community Nursing. 7 (3)118-126 Banks A (1998) An overview of constipation: causes and treatment. International Journal of Palliative Nursing 4 (6) 271-275. Duncan J (2004) The management of constipation by nurse prescribers. Nurse prescribing 2 (2) 66-69. Edwards M Bentley A (2001) Nursing management of constipation in housebound older people. British Journal of Community Nursing, 6 (5) 245-252. Fallon M, ONeil (1998) ABC of Palliative Care. London, BMJ books. Griffith R, Tengnah C (2004) A question of negligence: the law and the standard of prescribing. Nurse Prescribing 2 (2) 90-92. Hardy, D., Smith, B. (2008) Decision Making in Clinical Practice. British Journal of Anaesthetic Recovery Nursing. Vol. 9 (1), pp. 19-21 Humphries J (2002) Assessment and evaluation in nurse prescribing, 2nd ed Palgrave, Hampshire. Kent v Griffiths (2001) QB 36 IN Griffith R, Tengnah C (2004) A question of negligence: the law and the standard of prescribing. Nurse Prescribing 2 (2) 90-92. Kyle, G. (2007) Bowel care, part 5 a practical guide to digital rectal examination. Nursing Times; 103: 45, 28-29. Nursing and Midwifery council (2008) Guidelines for records and record keeping. London. Nursing and Midwifery Council. (2008) The Code: Standards of Conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives. London, NMC. Wondergerm F (2005) Relieving constipation. Journal of community nursing, 5 12-16 Peate I (2003) Nursing role in the management of constipation: use of laxatives. British Journal of Nursing. 12 (19) 1130-1136. RCN (2006) Digital Rectal Examination and Manual Removal of Faeces: Guidance for Nurses. London: RCN Timby B, Schere J, Smith N (1999) Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing. 7th edn. , Philadelphia, Lippincott. Walker R (1997) Diagnosis and treatment of constipation. Practice Nursing 8 (4) 20-22

The Mating Dance in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice Essay -- Pride a

The Mating Dance in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice As befitting the title of Jane Austen’s novel, pride and prejudice – as well as social decorum – restrain the protagonists’ feelings toward each other, resulting in a love that is forged by caution and tempered by time. Allen suggests that â€Å"simply because desire is not expressed, it does not cease to exist; repressed, it does not disappear. Instead it is symbolically displaced, returning with repetitive insistence in a concealed form† (426). In other words, although Elizabeth and Darcy’s feelings are hidden, these â€Å"concealed forms† of expression continue to fuel the lovers in their courtship. Literature and dance coexist with social decorum in strengthening Elizabeth and Darcy’s relationship, while facial expressions have neither social nor cultural boundaries. Abiding by the laws of decorum, literature, dance, and facial expressions help Elizabeth and Darcy break through their personal repressions and discover their l ove for each other. Literature appears in Pride and Prejudice in the form of books and letters. For most of Parts One and Two of the novel, Elizabeth Bennet’s social standing and the indecorum of her family repel Darcy. He remarks that because the Benett sisters have family in Cheapside, it â€Å"must very materially lessen their chance of marrying men of any consideration in the world† (Austen, 33). However, Darcy’s distain is greatly reduced when he discovers that Elizabeth prefers reading to cards. It is a matter of nurture triumphing over nature, for Elizabeth is cultured and educated despite her upbringing. Darcy may be subconsciously or even purposely referring to Elizabeth when he adds the virtues of extensive reading to the list of qualities he admires ... ... love for Elizabeth: he â€Å"was in the middle before [he] knew that [he] had begun† (Austen, 317). While still adhering to social norms and decorum, Elizabeth and Darcy are able to shed their pride and prejudice through the natural influences of literature, dance, and facial expression. As these modes of expressions are not immediately apparent in terms of love, they help Elizabeth and Darcy build a relationship that withstands the test of time and of scrutiny. Works Cited Allen, Dennis W. â€Å"No Love for Lydia: The Fate of Desire in Pride and Prejudice.† Texas Studies in Literature and Languages. 1985 Winter: 27: 425-443. Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York, U.S.A.: Signet Classic, 1996. Stovel, Bruce. â€Å" ‘A Contrariety of Emotion’: Jane Austen’s Ambivalen Lovers in Pride And Prejudice.† International Fiction Review (IFR). 1987 Winter: 14 (1): 27-33.

The US Financial Crisis: A personal Revelation

After the Second World War, no one ever though that the father of democracy and the most developed nation in the world would ever be affected by a crisis arising from financial issues.   The growth of US and its position as a world power was due to the central role it played in the world war and the developments it made thereafter.Feared by its enemies and respected by its allies, the US was and still is the envy of all nations.   Though still the most developed nation and a financial power, the 2008 crisis which was a result of a combination of factors including a fall of sub prime, failure of financial establishments, high oil prices, unbearable rates of inflation and the failure of major industries.The order presented is quite similar to the actual events though there were considerable overlaps.   The US economy is badly affected, many jobs have been lost and to deal with the effects o the crisis the US will need to develop robust economic strategies.Any normal society can b e divided into two major categories: the poor and the rich.   This is a categorisation whose basis is resource ability and influence is a true depiction of the reality on the ground.   Happiness is assumed to be directly related to financial ability and all that most people seek in their lives is resource empowerment.   A look at the US shows that the cause of failure of its system arose from a single cause which multiplied.   If one should fall into the temptation that the route to happiness is amassing wealth at all cost, then they are just as gullible to failure for such an approach was the reason behind failure of sub prime mortgages.Even the rich in the society have their own problem which may even be greater than those of the poor; a third world nation is less likely to be faced by a crisis of such magnitude.When one is developing his riches, he should ensure that he develops other support systems for in reality the quest for money has no clear correlation to happiness .   Happiness is a state of mind and one cannot justify that by being rich he will live his life a happy person for as at now both Americans and Iraqis are suffering.The US case has been a personal revelation on the nature of life and what does entail.   Life is complex and success does not guarantee one will live a trouble free life.   The resilience that the Americans have shown in the face of adversity should be adopted by all people journeying through life.   The knowledge that all are susceptible to challenges is important in generating hope which is central in to the entire recovery process.The US approach to the crisis is a jewel to behold.   The US acknowledged it had a crisis and took relevant measures that did not necessarily involve the help of other nation rather the mechanisms implemented internally developed systems to deal with the crisis.Call it the personal will to deal with a problem or having the ability to; either one should never ignore their problems but should acknowledge that a problem exist and take relevant measure to deal with the problem. Screaming for help is not always the best approach to dealing with personal problems for we all have infinite personal ability that we must develop in times of plenty and emplo

Functions of Retail Management - 1021 Words

FUNCTIONS OF RETAIL MANAGEMENT When attempting to start a business, having a keen understanding of the goals of management through the main four management functions is one key to seeing success, both with the operation and with employees. With this said, a vital part of planning of the management end will involve three important activities. The first stage, planning involves developing a systematic process for attaining the goals of the organization...Leaders make change happen through planning instead of reacting to change (EntEd 2007). The first of which will be to lay out the goals that will be set for the hypothetical sporting goods store used as the example, the second will be to create a business plan since the development†¦show more content†¦It will be important for them to realize how every task they complete connects to the goals or the business plan so there is a sense of value and something at stake. Directing will not end at this stage or even after the business is open, it will continue to be a necessary component that I must actively keep up with in order for this sporting goods store to succeed. Controlling goes hand in hand with directing as it will be important for me as a manager and owner to match the tasks delegated with the business plan and goals so that I can keep firm tabs on how we are progressing. This not only involves monitoring of progress but being vigilant so that if negative changes are occurring I can resolve the issue. As Richman (2006) more succinctly puts it, when it comes to controlling, in project management terms, it involves determining variances from the approved plan, then taking action to correct those variances. Through my fulfilling of these four important functions of management, I would be a permissive leader. 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