Single Party States Notes Essay Example for Free

Single Party States Notes Essay Single Party States notes From: Topic 3-Themes and Exams Tips Chapter: â€Å"Origins and advancement of dictator and single gathering states† â€Å"What comprises a tyrant or single-party state? † Country or state to be classed as a dictator or single gathering state: * Only one lawful ideological group A pioneer picked by or from the military after an unrest * Group or pioneer that controls the state despite the fact that there are existing gatherings * Jean Kirkpatrick (US envoy United Nations) when communicated that tyrant state was â€Å"better than† an authoritarian express an opportunity that it would move towards vote based system (p. o. v communicated during the Cold War) Characteristics in like manner tyrant or single-party: * Little-no ability to speak freely * No opportunity of: * Assembly (government must affirm gatherings) * To travel abroad No idependent legal framework * All wellsprings of data blue-penciled * Any thought against the system will be cruelly rebuffed (resistance to them) * â€Å"A pioneer whose prevalence is strengthened by character cult† Not all expresses the offer charactersistcs some are less abusive yet they all offer the severe command over the opportunity of the individuals and utilize various strategies to clutch power. The period of Kings and Emperors finished with WWI twentieth century one of the bloodiest century ever incorporates 2 significant universal wars Left and traditional: Left-wing: Describes the single party, pioneers and expresses that are socialist or communist. Model: Nasser, Stalin, Mao, Castro and Neyerere Right wing: Most fundamentalist pioneers of the twentieth century started their political professions as individuals from communist gatherings. Fundamentalist pioneers and states †traditional Examples: Hitler, Mussoluni and Franco Policies steady of private enterprise as a financial framework, ultra patriot, a few cases they advanced religion as an approach to join the individuals. Traditional ideologies| Left wing ideologies| Facism (in Italy and Nazism-Germany) * Socialist (proposed to request lower classes) * Strongly nationalistic and believed socialism to be a threat| * Widespread belief system (twentieth C) was socialism * â€Å"All individuals are equal† * â€Å"No private property to protect† * Will to bring the perfect state| Socialism: Characteristics: redistribution of riches through tax collection, the state clai ms the significant ventures like coal and steel, the state possesses the â€Å"monopolies†, for example, the water, transportation and correspondences, free instruction and medicinal services for all. This basis got known as ‘welfare state’. (Gov. hould control guarantee the essential standard living for al residents) Stages of socialism: 1) Primitive socialisms: â€Å"No syndication over the methods for production† 2) Feudalism: â€Å"Agricultural-based networks formed into realms and amazing rulers took responsibility for land and the individuals who cultivated it† 3) Capitalism: â€Å"commercial exercises exchanging made goods† 4) Communism: no private properties, individuals contribute with their abilities, taking just what they required. No laws to shield riches and property From States, Governments and Ideologies: The State: * Sovereign state: is free of all others Way in which is administered Constitution: essential laws-set out the force and obligations of numerous foundations and authorities of government * Rule of law * Arbitrary government * Sovereignty * States - 3 sorts: Unitary states, bureaucratic and confederations * Held state †exemplifies the country and speaks to it * Monarchy, republic * Legitimacy, gadget right of rulers (sacred rulers) president (republic state) Government: * â€Å"Those people and establishment of state which practice the force as per the constitution† * Head of the state leader of the administration (PMs) * Executive, bureau Legislativeâ€making laws (unicameral, bicameral) * Separation of forces, presidential arrangement of government, parliamentary arrangement of government Changes of Government By lawful methods: (decisions) greater part framework and relative systemâ€coalition forcibly: resistance, insurgency, temporary government, consti tuent get together, new constitution, and quiet upset Political Ideologies:( structure speculations) Implicit philosophies (publicity planned and so forth) * Conservatism * Liberalism Reformist Ideologies: study of existing society, portray the perfect society would resemble, solutions from the day to day environment to the perfect * Socialism: response to shameful acts of the entrepreneur financial framework (social democrats, syndicalist, progressive communists) Marxism: â€Å"an industrialized society, the regular workers would revolt and assume control over the decision class, and would basically, make a classes society * Anarchism: battle against the request, don’t need any position Incomplete Ideologies: * Racism * Nationalism * Social Darwinism From: Authoritarianism, Fascism and Totalitarianism Authoritarianism,| Fascism| Totalitarianism| * Ruled by danger or dread * â€Å"Black or white† act (in or out) * Outlawed the restriction * Enforce their control by torment, execution, and so forth * Motivated by energy * Resorting peace * Defending nation against the danger of Bolshevism * Leading a recovery of the country * Employed and controlled the media| * Lower white collar class radicalism * Deliberate redirection of the laborers * Radical populist answer for the issue of reestablishing the â€Å"hegemony† of the predominant class| * Subordinate all perspectives od the individual’s life to the authority of the gov. Official belief system * Single mass gathering * Terroristic police control of the populace * Monopoly control of the media * Monopoly control of the arms * Central control of the economyâ€Å"worthless-production of Cold War purposeful publicity intended to integrate the Soviet framework with that of the Nazis† †some historians|

Marketing Mix Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Promoting Mix - Research Paper Example The items are costly. Apple as a brand is viewed as an image for high status and stylish design. So it very well may be said that however being a market head, Apple contends with itself and dispatches better and improved adaptations of its own item. Chapter by chapter list Introduction 4 Marketing Mix 5 Product 5 Price 5 Place 6 Promotion 6 Implementation of Marketing Mix in Apple Inc 6 References 8 Introduction Apple Inc is a US based worldwide association occupied with assembling of computerized gadgets and PC equipment types of gear. The organization was established in the year 1976 by the name of Apple Computers Inc and from that point forward it has developed into a mammoth association with a considerable brand picture. In the year 2007 the organization renamed itself as Apple Inc. The organization is directly recorded on the bourses of the NASDAQ and the New York Stock Exchange. The organization is by and by headed by Tim Cook one of the most powerful business pioneers of the c utting edge world. The organization is known for its developments in innovation and bringing out bleeding edge innovation items that are unrivaled by any of its rivals in the market. Mac Inc was one of the pioneers in the business that structured PCs like mackintosh (Apple, 2011). The strategic vision of the association is to be an inventive market player that makes items that are remarkable, particular and exceptionally creative in the market. The fundamental statement of purpose of the association is an apple at each work area. The organization means to make developments that are basic yet rich and are exceptionally innovation serious. The company’s mission is to give the best quality and inventive items to clients over the globe. The organization intends to be a worldwide innovator in its item class and has in like manner made a worldwide nearness by having a committed nearness in practically all the significant economies of the world. The vision and statements of purpose can be to a great extent connected with its business techniques that included dispatch of items like I-telephones, I-pad’s that are profoundly innovation serious and have pulled in a tremendous consideration from the objective market crowd by temperance of their inventive highlights. Advertising Mix Product Apple Inc has a noteworthy item portfolio included a huge exhibit of imaginative item contributions. Aside from the company’s customary items like Mac the organization likewise makes a scope of different items including iPod’s, iPhone, and iTunes. IPod’s incorporate compact music players that have a smooth plan and profoundly appealing highlights that permits sound just as video documents to be controlled by the client. I-telephone is one more advancement created by the association in the rewarding cell phone fragment. The one of a kind item attempts to amalgamate the energy of a cell phone with inventive highlights like fantastic designs and figuring choices. The magnificent looks make it an appealing alternative for any person. Apple likewise made a raid into the product business with the dispatch of the Apple I tunes. This item is basically a music player that is perfect with the two iPods just as PCs. Notwithstanding this the organization has additionally delivered software’s like I sync, Mobile Me and so forth that are basically in the product fragments. Apple in its latest exercises has propelled the

three things i made recently

three things i made recently the semester just started, but it hardly feels like schools really in session yet. the snows only just turned to rain and weve had two snow days in the last week, which meant lots of indoors time. its kind of nice, really: mario kart in the lounge outside, teasing the hall cats, camping out in the kitchen warmth. everyone raiding the fridges for food. i found a cookie recipe over the weekend thats really working for me (it tastes like autumn), so here it is (mostly based on this betty crocker recipe): INGREDIENTS: 1.5 cups granulated sugar 1.5 cups brown sugar 2 teaspoons vanilla extract 2 eggs 2 cups cinnamon applesauce 4 cups whole wheat flour 2 teaspoons baking soda 1 teaspoon salt 1 package of semisweet chocolate chips INSTRUCTIONS: Preheat oven to 375 degrees F. Mix the sugars, vanilla, eggs, and applesauce in a big bowl until its homogenous and goopy. Itll be pretty runny. Add the baking soda and salt, then mix in the flour as well. Mix until its all the same color and consistency. Itll be pretty thick. Butter or oil a big baking dish (i use this one  because it comes with a nice lid) and pour the entire thing in. Smooth out the batter until its evenly spread out in the dish. Use a knife to draw a pattern on top if youre feeling fancy. Bake until it passes the chopstick test (when you stab it with a chopstick, the chopstick comes out clean), about 45 minutes. Result looks something like this: (shoutout to my mom, who taught me that you can use applesauce instead of butter so you can feel fancy and healthy too) * * * * * * * over IAP i took a class on software-defined radio taught by MIT Lincoln Lab. normal radios work by taking an incoming signal from an antenna and doing a bunch of fancy signal processing using analog electronics. in software-defined radio, that signal processing is done in software instead of hardware, which makes it easier to prototype lots of different radio systems without building an entirely new radio system every time. thats kind of the boring explanation the more interesting part is that it makes it really easy for you to build radio receivers with a car antenna and a little USB stick called an RTL-SDR  (which i think was originally hacked from a television tuner). it costs about $20, and (with the help of some free software like gnuradio), you can have a working FM radio in about an hour. you can look extra hardcore by displaying the frequency signal as it comes in through the antenna. people have also used these to pick up signals from aircraft transponders and track passing airplanes. (in case you ever wondered what FM radio signals look like) * * * * * * * in the theme of communications systems, im also going to show off my final project for 6.111 (introductory digital systems lab) from last semester. my partner and i made a little communication system that exchanges text messages using an off-the-shelf laser. it does some simple error detection and packet acknowledgement too, so if you block the laser with your hand, the system will wait until the laser connection is unblocked and then finish transmitting the message. pretty cool stuff, and i got to implement some of the things i learned in my favorite technical class at MIT, 16.36 (communication systems and networks). along the way we learned a lot about hardware logic, FPGAs, and verilog. turns out that specifying and building a hardware system from scratch is really really hard. it took a lot of scratch work just to figure out the basic architecture: but of course, super satisfying when we finally got it working. check out our video demo: * * * * * * * heres a picture of my desk: ive been listening to these two songs a lot: shelter porter robinson + madeon venus fly grimes + janelle monáe ive been thinking about my social responsibilities as an engineer in the twenty-first century, reflecting on kate crawfords letter to silicon valley (not fiction) and gideon lichfields democracy 3.0 (fiction) i went to a play a few weeks ago at the wellesley repertory theatre  called Emilie: La Marquise Du Châtelet Defends Her Life Tonight. emilie du châtelet was a french physicist and philosopher who is generally credited for fleshing out the idea of kinetic energy in newtonian mechanics. she was also the first woman published by the paris academy (for a paper on the nature of fire), and her translation of newtons principia into french is still the standard french translation used today. ive been working on a new arrangement for my a cappella group. i just finished a book on the history of the apollo missions  (written by an mit professor). i just started reading a compilation of essays about media infrastructures, edited by nicole starosielski and lisa parks (who is one of the new professors in the MIT CMS department). im thinking about these pictures of the internet  as i read. i watched a gorgeous animated film called the secret of kells. i went to ihop with a friend, and to taiwan cafe with some other friends, and a little while before that i celebrated chinese new year with a lot of my friends: (kitchen graciously provided by the brothers of sigep dumpling recipe previously documented here) and the semester just started, and the snows only just turned to rain, and i hear people talking in the lounge outside. Post Tagged #6.111 #a cappella #recipes #Wellesley-MIT Toons

Groups and Teams Essays - 1092 Words

Groups and Teams Groups or teams can evolve into high performing, extremely effective, useful tools in any organization if developed and managed correctly. Demographic characteristics and cultural diversity can impact the behavior of groups or teams in positive and some negative ways. Diversity may impede the initial progress of a group; however, the long range benefit to creating high performing teams is great. An effective group is one that achieves high levels of task performance, member satisfaction, and team viability (Schermerhorn, Hunt Osborne, 2003, p. 2). A team or group is two or more people working together to achieve common goals. Members of a group are usually dependent on each other and have regular†¦show more content†¦The norming stage is about harmony and balance, especially after storming. The performing stage is when the group is finally able to handle complex tasks and achieve goals. Adjourning is the last stage of group development. It occurs after the group has achieved all of its tasks and goals and disbands. Not all groups or teams advance through all of the stages of the cycle to reach the performing stage or adjourning stage. To reach these final stages they must have strong communication and development skills. Highly effective groups have strong management. To achieve and maintain high levels of group effectiveness, any manager or leader must understand the way groups operate as organizational resources (Schermerhorn, Hunt Osborne, 2003, p. 10). Effective groups have clearly defined goals and guidance from management. They are given the resources to complete their tasks and a successful group is rewarded. High performance groups excel at teamwork and attain special performance levels. They have strong core values, a general sense of purpose, performance objectives, and a good mix of skills and creativity. An effective team manager will communicate standards, create a sense of urgency, gather the right skill set and establish clear rules for behavior. They can also share new information frequently, give positive feedback and reward any successes. Homogeneous groups will get along, work well together and can be somewhat effective. However they are limitedShow MoreRelated Groups and Teams Essay1099 Words   |  5 PagesGroups and Teams The forming, storming, norming, performing model of team development was first introduced by Bruce Tuckman in 1965. He argued that these phases are all necessary and inevitable for the team growth, overcoming challenges and tackling problems, finding solutions, planning work and delivering results. Tuckman later added a fifth phase, adjourning, which is referred to by some as the mourning stage, which involves completing the task and breaking up the team. (Wikipedia, 2005)Read MoreSmall Team and Group1154 Words   |  5 PagesSmall Team and Group James Findley III COM/100 January 16, 2012 Keith Butler The company I work for is a telecommunications company called Sprint-Nextel, and we work on countless team projects throughout the year. One example I remember in particular is when a brand new store was set up in our area. This new store set-up included roughly 10 team members whose sole purpose was to plan, create, and design a store that fits the mold of all existing corporate stores. This is a very importantRead MoreGroup and Team Development2760 Words   |  12 PagesThe Customer Services Team handles all inbound calls for the business (1000+ per day) and operates from 08:00 to 20:00 Monday to Saturday. There are fifteen team members two of which are Team Leaders. The Team is further divided into different sub-groups that deal with different business sectors such as Pharma, Telecommunications, e-commerce. The main focus of the team is dealing with customer queries via inbound calls and managing corporate accounts in terms of providing daily reports and updatesRead MoreGroups, Teams, and Conflict1768 Words   |  8 PagesTeam Plan – Riordan Manufacturing Holly Lopez MGT 311 University of Phoenix September 20, 2012 Rocco Natale At Riordan Manufacturing, we are preparing for an exciting new segment of production to meet the needs of the expanding medical technology industry. The news that CardiCare Valve heart valves will be produced in our customs plastic-injection facility in Pontiac, Michigan was released last week. We look forward to developing a long-term relationship with the CardiCare brand. NewRead MoreTeams and Team Processes: Group Dynamics Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Teams are often depicted as a group of people sharing leadership of and working together on a specific project, whereas a group (but not a team) consists of individuals who work independently and are led by a strong, focused individual (Erofeev, Glazer, Ivanitskaya, 2009). In the health care organization, it is important to have a group of people working together as a well a team. Each person individually need to fully understand what his or her role is in a group or team, if not thereRead MoreGroup Dynamics And Work Teams1394 Words   |  6 PagesChapter 10 – Group Dynamics and Work Teams After analyzing Chapter 10, Group Dynamics and Work Teams, the new concept that was taken from it was the model of Group Development. As a professional engineer, I have been a part of multiple teams that were given the task of creative projects. As every project experiences their different problems, ours did the same. The teams were successful in the end, but of course, the journey to those successes were extremely difficult. Through the tough patchesRead MoreSmall Team and Group Paper758 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Small Team and Group Paper Small Team and Group Paper In today’s society, most tasks and assignment are completed in a team or group setting. A group is typically more than three people who work together to achieve one common goal successfully. The University of Phoenix requires all students to participate in learning teams during each course. I recently attended a course toward my degree called Foundations for University Success, where I participated in aRead MoreSmall Team and Group Paper1305 Words   |  6 Pages Small Team and Group Paper COM100 Small Team and Group Paper â€Å"Together Everyone Achieves More†¦ That’s what TEAM means, so let’s work it out together!† These were my words to my first successful venture into the network marketing and direct sales arena and although I did not have a clue about how I or my team would become a success in this business, we sat down in my overpriced apartment and decided that failure was no longer an option. This paper is focused on the small team experiencesRead MoreThe Difference Between Groups and Teams1157 Words   |  5 PagesThe difference between groups and teams Sheri Anderson University of Phoenix Organizational Behavior and Group Dynamics MGT-307 Dennis Keegan April 02, 2012 Groups and Teams It is many differencesRead MoreGroups and High-Performance Teams1617 Words   |  7 Pageshigh-performing team. Effective leaders are able to assemble a high-performance team with good hierarchical balance, measurable and attainable goals, and appropriate communication expectations across the team. They promptly address conflict resolutions and break down all physical barriers in managing multi-city offices and dispersed employees. By paying close attention to team demographics and diversity, good leaders will establish a solid group foundation which will result in a high-performance team.

The Hunger Games and PTDS Essay - 1930 Words

Have you ever watched a movie and automatically diagnosed a character based on their behavior and thought process? Prior to this program, I could easily watch a movie without thinking too deeply into the issues that a character may have. Recently, I have become very fond of anything that has to do with the Hunger Games. Upon watching the movie and reading the first book, it became apparent that one of the main characters was suffering from Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, commonly known as PTSD. The Hunger Games is an annually televised lottery where a boy and a girl from each district in the nation of Panem, compete in a game of survival called upon by the nations Capitol. Each tribute is forced to fight and kill off other competitors†¦show more content†¦Haymitch was born in the futuristic world on January 1st, 34 ADD. He was born in the 12th district of Panem. The 12th district is located in what was formerly known as the Appalachian Mountains, and is commonly known for their coal industry. I assume that prior towards Haymitch entering the games, he would hunt, sell his catch, and go to school. School and hunting is where Haymitch learned skills that will prove to help him in the games. In addition, he learned how to out smart and think of better solutions on the fly. Haymitch is very strong and handy with a knife. In addition to his strength he is very intelligent. Being that he lived in Panem, no one under the age of 18 was allowed to take on a job, except for the people that live in the Capitol. The Capitol prays on the weak and poor for entertainment. In addition, I think this is another way that the Capitol tries to oppress the people of Panem. Following Haymitch’s winning of the games, his behavior became surly and harsh. He is always drunk and can barely keep his balance in most cases. In social situations he is seen to be sarcastic and unfriendly. He chooses to isolate himself and drink, instead of socializing . Now that he is a victor of the games his occupation is to be a mentor to future tributes. His job is to socialize with sponsors to help the tributes out in the games. This can be very difficult for him considering he would rather drink than socialize

Gender Bias Free Essays

A large amount of early research has been conducted on the biological differences between males and females; however, focus has shifted to environmental and social factors that may influence the gender gap in STEM subjects. The Eccles et al. Value Model, developed in 1983, considers motivational factors related to decisions regarding educational and career choices. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender Bias or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of these factors include self perceptions, social variables and environmental factors Oacobs 2005, AAIJW 2005). American culture and society may influence how students view themselves, inherently contributing to the gender gap found in the STEM areas. According to the American Association of University Women (AAUW), many studies have confirmed the negative impact that stereotypes have on students (Hill, C. et al. 2010). Gender differences within math and science develop early in adolescence (Sleeker Jacobs, 2004). There are many stereotypes and social stigmas that contribute to the reasons that boys may perform better in STEM fields than girls. One common stereotype the arts. The cultural stereotype may encourage girls to believe that math and science are not intended for them and in turn affect activities and career aspirations (Cvencek et al. , 2011). The Implicit Association Test was developed to â€Å"measure implicit attitudes and beliefs that people are unwilling or unable to report† (Project Implicit, n. d. ). Approximately 70 percent of IAT tests revealed stereotypes associating science with males more than females (Nosek et al. , 2009). Researchers at the University of Washington adapted the IAT to conduct a study on children ages six to ten years old. The test focused on gender identity, math-gender stereotype, and math self-concept. The results showed that by second grade, girls showed a weaker identification with math than boys, confirming the stereotype that math is for boys Cvencek et al. , 2011). Another study utilized the IAT to contrast science and liberal arts, and found that women who associated males with science were least likely to pursue science, and males with similar stereotypes were more likely to pursue science (Smyth, n. d. The study validated the link between stereotyping and self- efficacy. This is evidence that American culture may influence the way children view themselves related to subjects learned in school. Fear of poor performance in the classroom may also contribute to lack of interest in math and science. A study onducted in 2010 by the AAUW, focused on college students with similar math abilities and divided them into two rooms. The first room was advised that men outperform women on the test, while t he second room, was told there was no distinction in performance. How to cite Gender Bias, Papers Gender Bias Free Essays Gender bias is a preference or prejudice toward one gender over the other. Bias can be conscious or unconscious, and may manifest in many ways, both subtle and obvious. In many countries, eliminating gender bias is the basis of many laws, including those that govern workplaces, family courts, and even the voting booth. We will write a custom essay sample on Gender Bias or any similar topic only for you Order Now Despite these efforts, many legal and political scholars argue that total gender parity remains a far off goal, one which many region are not remotely close to reaching. The legality of gender bias is an area of huge contention in regard to pay equity between the sexes. Historically in many countries, men make more money over a career than women, even if they hold the same job. While the disparity has dwindled since the mid-20th century, it still exists in most areas to some degree. Opponents of additional laws increasing protection of women’s equal pay argue that this may be due to women working less over their lives, instead making a choice to remain at home and raise children. Women’s rights activists often cite this argument as part of the overall gender bias of modern society, suggesting that women are financially punished for choosing to rear children, despite the fact that this action is vital to thecontinuance of the state. It is also important to remember when considering gender bias and the law, that not all regions approve or desire gender equality under the law. In some countries, women are not allowed to drive, let alone vote. Studies of some regions have also showed tremendous gender bias in laws, with women being subject to severe penalties, including execution, for crimes such as adultery, whereas for men, adultery may not be considered a crime at all or may have lighter sentencing guides. How to cite Gender Bias, Essay examples

Disclosure Information Asymmetry Continuous -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Disclosure Information Asymmetry Continuous? Answer: Introduction Continuous disclosure regime or requirement of Australian Security Exchange (ASX) has much importance for the companies of Australia. According to this requirement, Australian companies have some specific obligation related to the disclosure of their share related information under the Lasting Rules 3.1 and 3.1A. According to this continuous disclosure requirement of ASX, it the responsibility of the business operations to inform about any specific information to ASX that may have material effect on the share prices of the companies (Hsu, Lindsay and Tutticci 2012). According to ASX, this disclosure obligation is necessary for the Australian companies to increase the integrity as well as efficiency of share market. However, it needs to be mentioned that there has been many questions related with the necessity and effectiveness of continuous disclosure framework of ASX for Australian companies. In order to establish the necessity of continuous disclosure framework for Australian compa nies, it is required to discuss about the importance of continuous disclosure framework. More specifically, it is required to discuss about the benefits that the Australian companies can avail by complying with the standards and principles of continuous disclosure framework. The main objective of this report is to prove the necessity and importance of continuous disclosure regime for the ASX listed companies. Thus, the literature review portion of this report shows the reasons for which it is important to have continuous disclosure regime. Based on the discussion, a conclusion is provided. Literature Review The above discussion states that Australian companies can avail many benefits by complying with the obligation of continuous disclosure requirement. Properly Informed Market: With the help of continuous disclosure framework, business organizations become able to release sufficient amount of information for the investors so that they can make accurate judgement about the share prices (Matolcsy, Tyler and Wells 2012). In this context, it needs to be mentioned that the companies should not release false or misleading information to the investors in order to attract large number of investors towards their companies. Apart from this, continuous disclosure framework makes the companies answer ot the market rumours and speculations that can have material impact on the share prices of the companies (Hermalin and Weisbach 2012). Timely Release of Information: The next major impact of continuous disclosure framework on the Australian companies is the timely release of information (Chapple and Truong 2015). This continuous disclosure obligation states that it is the responsibility of the companies to disclose information that are sensitive and have material effect on the share price as soon as it becomes known to them. However, companies are not required to follow this rule where disclosure can be withheld. Under the same principle, it is the obligation of the Australian companies to disclose the information timely when it is no longer legitimately withheld. Moreover, companies are required to timely answer any kind of marketing rumour or obligation related to price of the shares (Seamer 2014). Equal Access to Information: The framework of continuous disclosure helps all the investors become equally beneficial from equal access to the share related information of the Australian companies (Russell 2015). According to continuous disclosure framework, it is the obligation of the Australian companies to make all the price sensitive information available for all investors equally so that certain investors are not become advantageous or disadvantageous in comparison with others. This aspect helps in saving integrity of share market. In the absence of selective disclosure, ASX has become able to reduce the chances of insider trading related with the materially sensitive share information (Di Lernia 2014). It needs to be mentioned that this particular aspect helps in restoring the confidence of investors and shareholders in ASX. Premature Release: Another major advantage of having continuous disclosure framework is the prevention of premature release of information related to shares (Chang, Hooi and Wee 2014). It needs to be mentioned that the implementation of continuous disclosure framework helps in keeping a balance between the timely disclosures of material information about shares and the premature disclosure of share information that can be contributed to the emergence of false share market. In the absence of continuous disclosure framework, companies try to make a false market for their share and securities. For this reason, business organizations should not be involved in developing environment with the help of false and conflicting information about shares and securities (Chapple, Jubb and Lee 2012). Different Commercial Interests: The implementation of continuous disclosure framework helps in safeguarding the commercial interests of different parties involved in the transactions of share markets. With the help of the continuous disclosure framework, business organizations become able to keep a balance between the timely disclosures of sensitive material information of shares and safeguarding the commercial interest of the shareholders and investors (North 2014). For this reason, it is required for the Australian companies to maintain the confidentiality of share information. In safeguarding the commercial interests of the investors and shareholders, it has become possible to gain the faith of them in share market. For this particular reason, it is necessary for the Australian companies to comply with continuous disclosure framework (Tran 2015). Confidentiality of Information withheld from Disclosure: According to the framework of continuous disclosure, it is required for the Australian companies to maintain the confidentiality of sensitive share information that are being withheld from the shareholders and investors. Business organizations have the authority to spread sensitive information to their advisors and commercial partners; but these commercial partners and advisors do not have the authority to trade in the shares and securities of the company based on this information, as they are not available to the investors. This particular aspect implies that it is on the companies to maintain the confidentiality of the released information to the shareholders and investors (Di Lernia 2014). Enforcement and Remedies: The continuous disclosure framework helps the Australian companies in establishing enforcement provisions and remedies related to the sensitive material information for the shares. The implementation of continuous disclosure framework assists the companies in the establishment of clear and consistent guidance for the disclosure of price sensitive and material share information (Price 2014). More specifically, continuous disclosure framework sets some penalties for different kinds of circumstances related with the disclosure of share information by the Australian companies. In addition, the companies can get effective mechanism for the remedy of inadequate disclosure of sensitive and material share information. This aspect has its importance for the Australia companies in disclosing material and sensitive share information. From the above discussion, it can be seen that continuous disclosure framework has many necessities for the Australian companies. The implementation of continuous disclosure framework helps the business organizations in releasing adequate amount of information for the investors and shareholders so that they can take effective investment decisions (Riaz et al. 2013). Apart from this, it is the duty of the Australian companies to disclose prise sensitive and material information when they obtain them. All these aspects play a major role for the Australian companies to disclose the correct and relevant information in the share market. In addition, it can also be seen that the presence of continuous disclosure framework make the equal distribution of sensitive material information to the investors and shareholders. Thus, it can be observed that the continuous disclosure framework plays an integral part in the reduction of information asymmetry between the Australian companies and investo rs (Di Lernia 2014). Effective and timely disclosure is an effective tool for implementing governance in the companies related to the trading of shares. All these above-discussed aspects indicate that continuous disclosure framework plays an effective part for the Australian companies in disclosing share information that have material impact on the share prices of the companies. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be observed that continuous disclosure framework has many positive roles to pay in the Australian firms. As per the above discussion, it can be seen that the presence of continuous disclosure framework provides great assistance to the investors in making effective investment decisions by disclosing price sensitive share decisions. On the other hand, timely release of information and equal access of information to the investors are two of the major positive of the implementation of continuous disclosure framework. The above discussion also shows that the implementation of continuous disclosure framework prevents the Australian companies in the release of premature information related to the price of the shares. Another major aspect is to maintain the confidentiality of price sensitive information related to shares. Thus, from the whole discussion, it can be concluded that the implementation of continuous disclosure framework is good for the developmen t of robust and effective equity market in Australia. For all these reasons, there is no place to disagree with the fact that it is necessary for all the Australian companies to have a continuous disclosure framework. References Annualreports.com. (2018).Annual Report 2015-16. [online] Available at: https://www.annualreports.com/HostedData/AnnualReports/PDF/ASX_BAL_2016.pdf [Accessed 16 Jan. 2018]. Chang, M., Hooi, L. and Wee, M., 2014. How does investor relations disclosure affect analysts' forecasts?. Accounting Finance,54(2), pp.365-391. Chapple, E.L., Jubb, C. and Lee, J., 2012. Audit committee effectiveness in a mandatory disclosure environment. InProceedings of the 2012 Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand Conference. Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand (AFAANZ). Chapple, L. and Truong, T.P., 2015. Continuous disclosure compliance: does corporate governance matter?.Accounting Finance,55(4), pp.965-988. Di Lernia, C., 2014. Empirical Research in Continuous Disclosure.Australian Accounting Review,24(4), pp.402-405. Di Lernia, C.A., 2014. Faith/less? Market integrity and the enforcement of Australias continuous disclosure provisions. Hermalin, B.E. and Weisbach, M.S., 2012. Information disclosure and corporate governance.The Journal of Finance,67(1), pp.195-233. Hsu, G.C.M., Lindsay, S. and Tutticci, I., 2012. Inter?temporal changes in analysts forecast properties under the Australian continuous disclosure regime.Accounting Finance,52(4), pp.1101-1123. Investors.bellamysorganic.com.au. (2018).Annual Report 2017. [online] Available at: https://investors.bellamysorganic.com.au/FormBuilder/_Resource/_module/hwGxZyb3NkyBtC5tw1kqzQ/docs/reports/Bellamys_Annual_Report_2017.pdf [Accessed 16 Jan. 2018]. Matolcsy, Z., Tyler, J. and Wells, P., 2012. Is continuous disclosure associated with board independence?.Australian Journal of Management,37(1), pp.99-124. North, G., 2014. Listed Company Disclosure and Financial Market Transparency: Is this a Battle Worth Fighting or Merely Policy and Regulatory Mantra?.Browser Download This Paper. Price, J., 2014. Continuous disclosure.Governance Directions,66(1), p.6. Riaz, Z., Ray, S., Ray, P.K. and Kirkbride, J., 2013. Collibration as an alternative regulatory approach for remuneration governance: A contextual analysis of Australia.International Journal of Disclosure and Governance,10(3), pp.246-260. Russell, M., 2015. Continuous disclosure and information asymmetry.Accounting Research Journal,28(2), pp.195-224. Seamer, M., 2014. Does Effective Corporate Governance Facilitate Continuous Market Disclosure?.Australian Accounting Review,24(2), pp.111-126. Tran, A., 2015. Can taxable income be estimated from financial reports of listed companies in Australia?.Browser Download This P

Human Freedom and Personal Identity

According to Sigmund Freud, psychoanalysis is one of the basic consciousness and personal identity theories in which the difference and the inherent relationship between consciousness and unconsciousness are established.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human Freedom and Personal Identity specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sigmud holds the view that there exists little if any necessity for us to characterize what is commonly regarded as conscious; for it refers to the same connotation as the consciousness of philosophers and of day to day opinion. As such, we regard every other thought or object as unconscious so long as it only exists in our mental faculties. In this manner, we are directed to make distinct divisions in this unconscious, for some processes are naturally conscious to the extent that they may be retrieved or remembered easily. This does yet again call our attention to the fact that consciousness is i n the overall sense of the word a highly fugitive condition, which is to mean that, whatever is conscious is conscious only for a short period of time (Chaffee, 2008, p.1). Thus, one can only regard every other unconscious thing as bearing the inherent potent of entering consciousness or rather as preconscious. In demonstrating a working knowledge of psychoanalysis theory of consciousness and personal identity it is clear that being conscious of my personal endowments, gifts and talents, in addition to the vast know how and skill in executing my business goals and objectives that nothing would hold me back from realizing my anticipated vision of diversifying my investment ventures to encompass a broad spectrum of worthy returns. Such a move would not only boost my self esteem but it would also be my solid foundation of financial stability upon which future entrepreneurial initiatives would be based (Perera, 2010, p. 1). Although deterministic theories of human freedom have been look ed down upon based on such assertions, evaluations and analysis that they are much more inferior to in-deterministic theories, for they offer us little if any aid in comprehending our lived experiences, the fact of the matter is that we always accord epistemological precedence to these determinist theories over the testimony of our lived experiences (Chaffee, 2008, p.1).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, hard determinists hold the view that virtually all events – even human actions, are caused overriding the power of free choice, however to a certain measure human action can be taken to be ‘free’ if it is born out of inherent personal inspirations rather than external influences . In demonstrating a working knowledge of deterministic theory of human freedom it is clear that being focused and determined to harness my personal endowments, gifts and talents, the vast know how and skill in executing my business goals and objectives that no obstacle would be so complex for me to overcome and achieve my anticipated vision of diversifying my investment ventures to encompass a broad spectrum of worthy returns (Morrison, 1997, p.1). Such a determination would not only boost my business reputation but it would also be the most appropriate ideal and maxim which would steer the course of my plight to great heights of business excellence and thus act as the cornerstone of financial security for all upcoming ventures. Reference List Chaffee, D. (2008). Philosopher’s Way. Retrieved from www.digitalbookshelf.southuniversity.edu/#/books/0558564852/pages/28304069 Morrison, J. (1997). What is human freedom? Retrieved from www.jasonmorrison.net/content/1997/what-is-human-freedom/ Perera, K. (2010). Personal Identity. Retrieved from www.more-selfesteem.com/personal_identity_article.htm This essay on Human Freedom and Personal Identity was written and submitted by user Deon N. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Business plan for an Online Art Gallery The WritePass Journal

Business plan for an Online Art Gallery Task 1 Business plan for an Online Art Gallery Task 1Task 2Project plan for the site development:Task 3Market Analysis:Target Market: The Competition for the art gallery:Marketing Plan for the art gallery:Meeting Customer Needs:Quality vs. Quantity of the art gallery:Buying policy of the art gallery:Payment methods not allowed on the art gallery site:Promotional activities for the art gallery:Market segmentation for the art gallery:Task 41. The returns policy that will apply for the art gallery is given below:2. The regions and/or the countries that the gallery will deliver to;3. What the cost of deliveries will be:Task 5PresentationTask 6Task 71. Buyer Protection for the art gallery2. Buyer eligibility and other restrictions3. Fraudulent charges not coveredPayment methods not allowed on eBay:Reference:Related Task 1 You need to do some research to familiarise yourself with the subject area and to gain some ideas about how you can carry out the rest of the project. There are a number of websites that specialise in the sale of paintings and craft items. Use a maximum of 1 hour to review these resources. Bookmark the relevant sites and make notes of information that you can use in your assignment. Business Plan for the Online Art Gallery starts in the internet. Art gallery business is no different business than the other business that happens in the internet. Now a day various established galleries have adapted to this internet medium and number of  Ã‚   new business are rapidly developed across world in the internet business. Internet has opened the art business as various major barriers are demolished –distance area and limitation of demand and wants choices by the customer. In past if someone has to buy art material they have to reach to the place where that particular art is located and second thing is there was limitation of choices. lot of time and traveling expenses also beard by the customer .Now if any one like to purchase an European painting they are not failed by choices nor have to go to Europe. The rapid growth level of prosperity in the foreign countries has also given a dimension to the art industry across the world, as more and more people now a day c an afford to collect of their prospective and desired products within a short time period if the place of the produced product not in their country boundary. For an example10000 people   of America can   seeing and buying paintings, drawing, prints, sculptures and photographs by artists of almost all periods from the   organized exhibition by the Art gallery situated in the USA. Various Artists are now look for avenues on internet to sell their products and try to get benefit than the analog system of buying and selling the product. Though every artist has no personal website as selling their product to customers is one of the lacings of online marketing. The online site of art gallery will provide a instant platform for artists and will help in selling their product. Task 2 Produce a project plan for the way you intend to complete the rest of this assignment. For planning, use the timescale you have been allocated for this assignment i.e.   from   the   date   you   start   to   the   date   you submit your assignment. Submit a copy of your plan to your tutor BEFORE you proceed further with the assignment. Project plan for the site development: The site development procedure start from the 11th July and the completion date possibly 2 month later from the starting date. The project plan include the resource allocation for the site development, feasibility study for the market, marketing strategy development and implementation, action plan for the project, termination of the project, project funding etc. Gant chart of the project: Particular 10 days 10 days 10 days 10 days 10 days 10 days feasibility study site development Marketing strategy development action plan the project termination project funding Task 3 Marketing plans are detailed strategies of how to go about successfully marketing a product or products and earning a projected amount of return from the effort. A comprehensive marketing plan will consider such important elements as distribution costs, production costs, advertising expenses and any expense related to identifying and marketing the products to the consumers in the targeted markets. The marketing plan may focus on strategies related to the upcoming twelve-month period, the next calendar year, or include a span of three to five years into the future. The art gallery currently takes a commission of 30% on the price of each painting that they sell and, on average,   sells   between   6   to   8   paintings   by   each   artist   per   month.   The owner believes that it will be possible to set up similar commission deals with the craftspeople. The possible marketing plan for the project of the art gallery: Products and Services for the art gallery: The existing products for the art gallery are given below: Pottery; Wood sculptures; Glassware; Jewellery. Market Analysis: The market analysis explains the market situation and the opportunity and the threat of the market. It is one of the parts of industry analysis and this also the global environmental analysis for market. Through this market analyses the company or marketers can understand the chances, strengths, weaknesses and risks. The art gallery on the online is huge demand to the customer in the local as well as the worldwide. The online art gallery market is expanding day by day. The owner of the art gallery understand the situation by market analysis.by severing different site and the customer they realize that the customer wants to buy this kind of product that they provide in the art gallery. If they launch the online art gallery the local people and the global people can buy their product easily. But they have to consult with online art gallery and develop an effective site where the customer can sell and buy their product. This product has huge demand in the local market and also in the European market as well as global. Target Market: The art gallery provides Pottery; Wood sculptures; Glassware; Jewellery to the customers.so the potential customer are available mainly artist, art loving people, and all kinds and all level of people who want to but this product. The Jewellery customers mainly are the female person. The Competition for the art gallery: There are many established online gallery in the market .so the new market entrance the gallery should follow the strategy to market growth and expansion policy. The main competitors of this gallery are E-bay, Picasa, slideshow, picture gallery, global art gallery, and so on. Marketing Plan for the art gallery: The art gallery currently takes a commission of 30% on the price of each painting that they sell and, on average,   sells   between   6   to   8   paintings   by   each   artist   per   month.   The owner believes that it will be possible to set up similar commission deals with the craftspeople. Meeting Customer Needs: Our customers require fresh Pottery, Wood sculptures, Glassware, Jewellery. The system for establishing customer needs is based on the product offering of our competitors. Pottery; Wood sculptures; Glassware; Jewellery demand in the market is huge and the customer may purchase from the site if the site is launched  .the site develop such a way that meet the all demand of the customer. The site develops such a way that product quality and quantity is mentioned in the site. The owner of the gallery tries to meet the customer demand in high quality and provide the mentioned demand from the customer. Quality vs. Quantity of the art gallery: the existing   artist sells   between   6   to   8   paintings   per   month. If the online art gallery is established then it would be possible to sell at least 30 painting for each artist per month initially. The art gallery site visitors make choice the art paints and the quantities of the product may increase to the site .there are 30 artists make the painting at about 1000 paintings including oil paintings and  Ã‚   sculptures; Glassware; Jewellery products at about 1500 made by the 40 artist in this gallery.so product quality and quantity of this art gallery is satisfactory for the launching the online art gallery. Buying policy of the art gallery: The art gallery if launch the site the possible payment methods listed below: By PayPal By ProPay By Moneybookers By Paymate By Credit card or debit card Payment methods not allowed on the art gallery site: In this site buyers can’t ask to sellers to the following things.it is the payment method of the art gallery.so their specific system of payment system To Send cash through the mail is not applicable To   Send cash or money orders through instant, point-to-point cash transfer services (that are not banks) such as Western Union or MoneyGram To Mail checks or money orders (except for items in categories specifically permitted in the local and specific bank) To Pay through bank-to-bank transfers (except for items in categories specifically permitted in the local and specific bank) To Pay by topping off a sellers prepaid credit or debit card To Pay using online or other payment methods not specifically permitted in this policy Promotional activities for the art gallery: the art gallery’s possible promotion al activities includes the advertising on the social network site life Facebook, Ayol, yahoo messenger, Google talk, Skype and so other site .some exhibition may arrange for the customer attraction to the product. Some completion may arrange for the customer in the online and gift them luxurious product. Potential domain names the potential domain name is the big factor to attract the people on the site .so the assistant of the site proposed the tree domain name for the site those are given below: global art gallery Vinci art gallery world art gallery Advertising and other r promotional cost for the site development: The art gallery estimate that the cost of the site development and advertising and other promotional activities. The competition of the various social site and gift given by the art gallery is about monthly cost $50.the advertising cost will be estimated at about $100.promotional activities of the art gallery cost will be the $50. Market segmentation for the art gallery: The art gallery segments the market in different areas such as the local area, global area, sub-local area and far area. The local areas segmented by the owner for the ease of the marketing delivery. Distribution channel of the art gallery globally segmented for the ease of the delivery. The main areas of the art gallery are given below: Georgia, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Bahrain, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, American Samoa, Cook Islands, and Mexico. Task 4 Produce   a   draft   of   a   Delivery   and   Returns   Policy   that   could   be   included   on   the   e-commerce   site.   In particular the policy should address the following issues: 1. The returns policy that will apply for the art gallery is given below: Item must be returned within Refund will be given as Return policy details 14 days after the buyer receives the products they delivered to the customer. Exchange 14 days warranty from the received date will applicable. Buyers are responsible for the returning shipping costs under any circumstances. Return items should include the original packaging and accessories. Refund occurs only when item is lost by the shipping company. Maximum refund amount will be the selling price; shipping cost will not be refund since it has been delivered. 2. The regions and/or the countries that the gallery will deliver to; Name of the worldwide country that the gallery want to deliver their product: The art gallery segments the market in different areas such as the local area, global area, sub-local area and far area. The local areas segmented by the owner for the ease of the marketing delivery. Distribution channel of the art gallery globally segmented for the ease of the delivery. The main areas of the art gallery are given below: Georgia, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Bahrain, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, American Samoa, Cook Islands, and Mexico. 3. What the cost of deliveries will be: The local delivery cost will about the product basis. And the quantity of the product differ the cost. The other country that the gallery wish to deliver the product also mention in the site by shipping cost and airline cost for the quick delivery. Task 5 Presentation Task 6 Produce   a   list   of   ten   key   questions   to   ask   prospective   e-commerce   suppliers,   who   will   be   required   to design, develop and host the new e-commerce site on behalf of the gallery owner. The questions should seek to establish that the successful company has the necessary skills, expertise and track record to ensure that they are capable of providing a high quality level of service. list   of   ten   key   questions   to   ask   prospective   e-commerce   suppliers,   who   will   be   required   to design, develop and host the new e-commerce site on behalf of the gallery owner. Q-1: What are the products graphics tools used in the site that related toll the customers need and wants. Q-2: what is the time line of the developing the site Q-3: what are the key material for the picture and other product photography? Q-4: is there any interaction to the site developer to the artist to manage attractive deign of the site? Q-5: what amount of money taken by the site developers? Q-6: how the customers of the art gallery access the site? Q-7: is there any privacy policy include the owner of the art gallery? Q-8: should the copyright information needed to the site developer? Q-19: what category and quality of the product should be maintained for competition in the market? Q-10: is there any improvement needed to the existing product? Task 7 Put together a briefing report of no more than 600 words that summarises three of the major types of auctions that can be held, together with the main advantages and disadvantages of each. The note should also include your recommendation on the type of auction that should be used as part of the e-commerce site if the gallery owner decides to go-ahead with this opportunity. There are three major types of auctions that can be held for the art gallery and those are given below: 1. Buyer Protection for the art gallery The art gallery makes sure that resolution process when buyers claim to sellers that their item was not received or the item they received was different from what was described in the listing. Help buyers and sellers resolve disputes in fewer steps, and provide buyers with a more familiar ecommerce resolution experience. Offer an option to contact the art gallery if buyers and sellers cant reach resolution themselves. They take a more active role in ensuring transaction problems are resolved. Someone may ask to help sending or paying for an item and they are not able to. The art gallery doesnt have the items that are sold on the site. They can ask a seller to send an item, or a buyer to pay for an item, but the art gallery cant send the item to the buyer or pay the seller. When a buyer or seller doesnt complete an obligation, they take it seriously and we may limit or suspend their account privileges. They work to make sure that members on the art gallery are honest and fair. 2. Buyer eligibility and other restrictions Buyers who have purchased items on the art gallery site are eligible for the Buyer Protection Policy. Buyers who file a case through the art gallery Buyer Protection, but who did not purchase an item on the art gallery, will be redirected to the existing resolution process for the site they used, if any Sellers will use the resolution process initiated by the buyer. Resolution responsibilities and protections are outlined on the site of registration. 3. Fraudulent charges not covered The Fraudulent charges to a credit card or a PayPal account are not covered by the art gallery Protection Policy. If notice any charge on the customers PayPal account that did not authorize, report should be in the PayPal Security Center. Fraudulent charges made through the credit card should be resolved with the credit card company. Payment methods not allowed on eBay: In this site buyers can’t ask to sellers to the following things.it is the payment method of the art gallery.so their specific system of payment system To Send cash through the mail is not applicable To   Send cash or money orders through instant, point-to-point cash transfer services (that are not banks) such as Western Union or MoneyGram To Mail checks or money orders (except for items in categories specifically permitted in the local and specific bank) To Pay through bank-to-bank transfers (except for items in categories specifically permitted in the local and specific bank) To Pay by topping off a sellers prepaid credit or debit card To Pay using online or other payment methods not specifically permitted in this policy Reference: http://portal.ebay.eu/msn-UK/  Ã‚   viewed on 24th June,2011 http://pages.ebay.com/securitycenter/index.html analysed on 24th June,2011 http://pages.ebay.com/aboutebay/thecompany/companyoverview.html analysed on 25th June,2011 ebayonlocation.com/ analysed on 26th June,2011 randomthink.net/misc/ebay/ analysed on 27th June,2011 kiwipainting.co.nz/ analysed on 21th June,2011 net-art.it/artyou/home-e.shtml viewed on 24th June,2011 mynewsletterbuilder.com/email-marketing/art-gallery viewed on 28th June,2011 http://artmarketingsecrets.com/2009/05/how-to-attract-galleries-to-your-art-website-part-5.html viewed on 22th June,2011 net-profit-marketing.com/marketing-online-art-gallery.html viewed on 29th June,2011 thesugarhousegallery.com/art-gallery-marketing-strategy/ analysed on 24th June,2011 http://artistmarketingsalon.wordpress.com/nyc-gallery-list/ analysed on 22th June,2011

Improvements for Aaron's Situation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Improvements for Aaron's Situation - Case Study Example This ability will allow him to integrate more and more with other children as he progresses. In addition, Aaron has high awareness of his surroundings and is able to adapt quickly and manipulate the environment around him. Finally, Aaron’s IQ level is above average, which shows that his ability to learn and comprehend is strong. Used in conjunction with his communication skills and ability to adapt to the environment around him, Aaron could step to the forefront of his class as a leader both academically and socially if he were able to overcome his personal auctions. Some of the challenging behaviors that present obstacles for Aaron’s progress are the fact that he vandalizes property, runs away from home and school, and exhibits violence at school. Aaron’s tendency to vandalize property may be an attempt to control his surroundings, responding to negativity by breaking something to alleviate rage and make a point. His unannounced attempts to leave home and school show that these places cause stress for him and running away is one of his coping mechanisms. Finally, Aaron’s tendency to demonstrate violence at school shows his lack of respect for personal boundaries and his attempts to defend himself against his insecurities by resorting to violence. All of these behaviors are challenging for authority figures because they present obstacles for Aaron’s education and the education of those around him. These behaviors also compromise the safety of Aaron and those he comes in contact with. Some of the causes that may have contributed to Aaron’s negative behavior is the instability he has experienced at home and school. The imprisonment of his father has left him without a father figure to look up to and provide guidance. This also left a sense of structure and discipline out of Aaron’s life.  

Genre Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Genre - Assignment Example In some instance, however, as in the case of the recent Lindsay Lohan court proceedings, the events surrounding Michael Jackson’s death (TMZ is even reputed as breaking this story), and the O.J. Simpson trial are deemed appropriate for both gossip and reputable news outlets. The content that is included within the gossip blogs follows a somewhat fluid structure. One can consider the concept of A, B, and C list celebrities in this regard. For instance, a celebrity such as Kim Kardashian or Lady Gaga, who are of significant public interest, will often be featured within the blogs for simply attending a restaurant or swimming on the beach. Celebrities who are of only moderate importance are featured within the blogs on a scale that is proportionate to the outlandishness of the actions they have been caught or rumored to have participated in. For instance, Oksana Grigorieva, a not regularly publicized celebrity, is regularly featured as a result of her being involved in the sensationalistic Mel Gibson recordings. Similarly, comedian Greg Giraldo is featured as he recently died of an overdose. While these are the general rules for content inclusion, events of absurd or comedic value will also be featured within this genre. For instance, Nadya Suleman (Ã¢â‚¬Ë œoctomom’) is featured in one blog because she is humorously promoting a beer

Case Study of Managing patient suffering Opoid constipation

Case Study of Managing patient suffering Opoid constipation This case study outlines the clinical management of a client with a problem with Opioid induced constipation. Opioid analgesics (narcotics) cause constipation in most people. Opioids slow down the stool as it passes along the intestinal tract. This causes the stool to become hard. If you have hard stools, have difficulty passing bowel movements and the movements become infrequent, then you have constipation. Constipation can be very bothersome and last as long as you are taking narcotics on a regular basis. Therefore, it is important that we learn to manage our bowels effectively. Throughout the analysis the anonymity and confidentiality of this patient will be protected as outlined by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) and therefore the patient will be referred to as Mark Scott. Additionally consent was gained by Mark to allow the author to use his case for my assessment. History of present illness Mark Scott is a 64 year old gentleman who is 2 days post op following a Right Total Hip Replacement (RTHR). Total hip replacement involves removal of a diseased hip joint and replacement with a prosthetic joint. Whilst doing the medications Mark confided in the nurse that he may have a problem with his bowels and that he may be constipated. To enable the nurse to assess Mark she would have to understand constipation, it helps to know how the colon, or large intestine, works. As food moves through the colon, the colon absorbs water from the food while it forms waste products, or stool. Muscle contractions in the colon then push the stool toward the rectum. By the time stool reaches the rectum it is solid, because most of the water has been absorbed. Constipation occurs when the colon absorbs too much water or if the colons muscle contractions are slow or sluggish, causing the stool to move through the colon too slowly. As a result, stools can become hard and dry. Mark asked the nurse if there was anything she could give him to ease the discomfort he was experiencing, However as Mark has presented with a new problem with the possibility of him needing medication, the nurse would first need to undertake a holistic assessment of Mark. The purpose of assessment is to allow the nurse to examine all relevant factors of the problem and allow her to make the decision of whether prescribing a patient group directive (PGD) is an appropriate intervention (Humphries, 2002). Consider the patient When Mark stated he thought he was constipated, it was important to ascertain his own interpretation of what this meant. For example, Wondergerm (2005) states that for some, constipation may mean opening their bowels less than three times a day. On the other hand, constipation may mean opening of the bowels less than three times a week. There appears to be a general consensus that the range for normal bowel activity lies somewhere between three bowel motions daily to one bowel motion every three days. However, it is important to remember that a change from three bowel motions a day to one every three days may represent a significant change for the patient, despite remaining within the normal limits (Peate, 2003). Mark felt he was constipated because he hadnt had a bowel movement in the last five days. On further questioning it emerged that these symptoms had been going on approximately 4 days before his surgery and when he did have a bowel movement he had difficulty passing the stools and often had to strain. Mark also stated that the stools were very hard and painful to pass, the symptoms that Mark presented with were consistent with the side effects of constipation, However the cause of constipation is multifactoriol with many influencing factors that need to be investigated and eliminated wherever possible (Banks,1998). In Marks case it was the analgesia he was taking to control his pain post operatively. During Marks assessment, enquiries were made as to whether he was experiencing any other symptoms with his constipation, such as blood in the stools, rectal bleeding and/or mucus discharge, recent weight loss, abdominal pain or alternating constipation/diarrhoea. Edwards and Bentley (2001) state that this is important during history taking as all of these symptoms are common of colon and rectal cancer and the possibility of this disease should be in the mind of the nurse looking after Mark. Mark assured the nurse that he hadnt experienced any of the symptoms mentioned although he did have a little discomfort in the area of his abdomen, lots of wind but no pain. If Mark had any of these symptoms the nurse would have to liase with the patients consultant. No medication would have been given by the nurse at this stage. This is because as a nurse, she is accountable for her actions and omissions (NMC, 2008). For example, if Mark was to have a bowel obstruction such as a tumour which is c ontra-indicated for most laxatives, and the nurse had prescribed such medication then Mark may believe he has been harmed by her careless prescribing. Additionally failure to refer a patient for more senior opinion is considered to fall below an acceptable standard of care (Griffith and Tengnah, 2004). It is important to ascertain how much dietary fibre and fluids are being taken by the patient as high fibre content is effective in increasing stool weight and bowel movement frequency, ultimately preventing constipation. Additionally, low fluid intake has been associated with constipation, slowing colonic transit time or reducing stool output (Walker, 1997). Current medication regimes, whether prescribed or purchased over the counter is essential information and can assist in identifying any drugs that may be responsible for causing constipation (Annells and Koch, 2002). Additionally, a history of medicine taking should include noting whether a patient has any allergies. For example, arachis oil enemas have a nut basis and may cause allergic reactions (Edwards and Bentley, 2001). Pre and post operatively Mark had been prescribed analgesics in the form of Paracetamol, codiene and ibuprofen for his pain. He had been taking these regularly daily. Mark wasnt taking any other medication, wasnt allergic to anything he knew of and hadnt purchased anything over the counter for his constipation. Opioids are a common cause of constipation and act by increasing intestinal smooth muscle tone, by suppressing forward peristalsis and reducing sensitivity to rectal distension. This results in delayed passage of faeces through the gut (Fallon and ONeil, 1998). Through assessment together with eliminating possible causes and sinister abnormalities, the nurse diagnosed Mark with constipation secondary to opioid use. Which Strategy/Product Where the patient complains of feeling constipated and is experiencing discomfort, a rectal examination (DRE) is indicated in order to detect a loaded rectum and to determine which choice of product to administer, and this will depend on the consistency of the stool found on examination (Edwards and Bentley 2001). Digital rectal examination (DRE) is an invasive procedure and should only be performed after completion of a full assessment of constipation. The Royal College of nursing guidelines (2006) recommend that nurses undertaking digital examination are appropriately trained. Furthermore consent to this procedure needs to be gained as outlined by the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2008) Further to examination, it emerged that no stools could be felt within the rectum. However, Edwards and Bently (2001) suggest that it is anatomically impossible to conclude that the rectum is empty through simple digital examination, as the length of the rectum is approximately 15cm and is th erefore beyond the reach of the longest index finger. Therefore due to Marks history, the preferred medical route will therefore guide the need to administer a laxative. Amongst the stimulant laxatives are senna and bisacodyl. These laxatives stimulate the intestinal mucosa, promoting the secretion of water and electrolytes, enourging peristalsis (Duncan, 2004). Timby et al (1999) recommend that stimulant laxatives be used only for short periods of time to allow normal bowel function to return as soon as possible as long term use may result in diarrhoea and hypokalaemia. However Marks constipation may remain for as long as he is using opioids or could re-occur. Therefore this type of laxative may not be sufficient. Osmotic laxatives act by retaining fluid within the bowel that they are administered to or by drawing fluid from the body. They include lactulose, macragols, magnesium salts, rectal phosphates and rectal sodium citrate (Peate, 2003). A phosphate enema would not be used in this case because this is usually used prior to radiology, endoscope and surgery for rapid bowel clearance. Additionally Mark stated he didnt want to go through having an enema, and would prefer something he could take orally. Lactulose is non-absorbable and acts by softening and increasing water absorption. This laxative may take up to 72 hours to act and bloating, flatulence, cramping and an unpleasant taste have all been reported side effects, (Banks, 1998). Additionally, lactulose may not be suitable in constipation where gut motility is impaired such as opioid use in Marks case, unless accompanied by a stimulant such as Senna. However, choosing a senna/lactulose combination, means that taken together they will act at different times (Edwards and Bently, 2001). However, evidence comparing different types of laxative is very limited. Nonetheless, a study was found comparing a low dose macragol with lactulose for the treatment of constipation. The treatment was 1-3 sachets of compound oral powder (movicol) versus 10-30g of lactulose daily. After 4 weeks patients in the movicol group had a mean number of stools and a lower median daily score for straining than the lactulose group (Attar et al, 1999).This concluded that movicol was more effective and better tolerated than lactulose in the treatment of constipation. This would then justify prescribing movicol for Mark, therefore increasing the frequency of bowel movements and reducing straining. However the Nurse had to get Marks doctor to prescribe Movicol as it is not listed in Patient group directive, so the nurse gave Mark 10mls of lactulose and 2 senna until this was prescribed. Negotiate contract In implementing the strategy the consent and agreement of the patient is paramount, and may be viewed as a shared contract between patient and nurse. This is known as concordance. It is important for nurses to adopt this approach to administering medication, as this directly involves patients in decision making about their treatment. It must be remembered that nurses owe a duty of care to their patients. Duty of care is a legal requirement owed by one person to another to take reasonable care not to cause harm. The courts have held that the nurse-patient relationship gives rise to such a duty (Kent v Griffiths, 2001). Additionally, common law decided from cases requires that nurses take care when prescribing, otherwise, a patient harmed by careless medicine administration can sue for damages by claiming negligence (Griffith and Tengnah, 2004). It is essential therefore that duty of care extends to quality of prescribing, including, assessment, advice and information giving, record ke eping, decision making along with medication selection and calculation, as well as communication with the patient and other professionals. The patient needs to know what is expected of them in carrying out the treatment plan and when the nurse needs to reassess the situation. Additionally the patient needs to know what the medication is for, how long it takes to work and how to take the product (Edwards and Bentley, 2001). In Marks case it was explained to him that he would be prescribed a product by the name of movicol for his constipation and evidence found on its appropriateness along with possible side effects for his condition was explained. He would receive 20 sachets with a view to taking 1-3 sachets a day. It was explained he would have to mix 1 sachet with 125ml of water (British National Formulary, BNF 2009) and the importance of drinking 2lts of fluid was explained along with the effects that movicol will have within his bowel. Mark was alerted to any know side effects of movicol as these could be alarming to the patient if that information is not given, for example, abdominal distension, pain and nausea. However this does not mean that Mark will experience any of these. Nonetheless, this information is essential and Mark was told to report any adverse effects to the nurse. Record keeping The NMC (2005) guidelines for records and record keeping, state that good record keeping is integral to our role as records are sometimes called in evidence in order to investigate a complaint. In light of this all details, including full assessment details, along with care plans which were both planned and executed, plans for review, and medications and prescriptions given, were all entered into Marks patient held records immediately. Additionally this was also recorded within notes in Nursing Notes. Marks own consultant was also informed of this information in order to assist with prescribing and also to avoid polypharmacy and adverse events from drug interactions. The nurse also ensured the drug card was signed as per NMC guidelines. Complementary Therapies Complementary therapies are treatments used to support regular or orthodox treatments such as medication. These treatments may be used to reduce stress and anxiety or may be used to help with problems such as pain, nausea and constipation. Abdominal massage has been shown to be effective as a marginally effective laxative regimen in one trial. However, massage is extremely demanding on staff time, and consequently is unlikely to be of widespread benefit to the patient. Acupuncture, One small within subject trial of sham versus true acupuncture showed some benefit in chronically constipated children, but acupuncture has never been tested for opioid-induced constipation. Herbal preparations such as Senna, a laxative, may be used as pods or a tea. Rhubarb stems (not the leaf, which contains poisonous oxalic acid), chrysanthemum stems, and peach leaves have laxative properties. Many preparations promoted as herbal or natural laxatives are in fact bulk forming preparations which should be avoided in opioid-induced constipation. However, if possible medication can be avoided as bowel movements may be facilitated if done at the same time every day, by mobility and physical activity, and increased dietary fibre and fluid intake. However, these approaches alone may not benefit all patients, especially those with severe constipation. Nevertheless, deficiencies in physical activity, and fluid and fibre intake should be addressed. Physical constraints and barriers should also be rectified, and commonsense toilet practices should be reinforced, such as not suppressing the urge to defecate, and using public washrooms if out of the house rather than waiting to return home. Summary The above account highlights that in the clinical management of medicine administration, it is vital that this is undertaken in an informed and systematic manner. This can be achieved through the selection and application of an assessment tool and by having clarity about the decision-making framework used to underpin Evidence Based Practice. The NMC emphasises that the administration of medicines is an integral and essential entry criteria for the Councils Professional Register (NMC, 2008). Furthermore, the Code of Professional Conduct clearly states that medication administration must not be seen solely as a mechanistic task but as a task that requires thought and the exercise of professional judgement (NMC, 2008). For nurses to practice competently, they must ensure that they possess the knowledge, skills and abilities required for lawful, safe and effective practice. They must acknowledge their professional competence and only undertake practice and accept responsibilities for those activities in which they are competent (NMC, 2008). The NMC guidelines of professional conduct (2008) require that nurses must maintain knowledge and competence. This can partly be achieved by the use of reflection on prescribing and administrating decisions. Word Count 3012 References Annells M Koch T (2002) Faecal impaction: Older peoples experiences and nursing practice. British Journal of Community Nursing. 7 (3)118-126 Banks A (1998) An overview of constipation: causes and treatment. International Journal of Palliative Nursing 4 (6) 271-275. Duncan J (2004) The management of constipation by nurse prescribers. Nurse prescribing 2 (2) 66-69. Edwards M Bentley A (2001) Nursing management of constipation in housebound older people. British Journal of Community Nursing, 6 (5) 245-252. Fallon M, ONeil (1998) ABC of Palliative Care. London, BMJ books. Griffith R, Tengnah C (2004) A question of negligence: the law and the standard of prescribing. Nurse Prescribing 2 (2) 90-92. Hardy, D., Smith, B. (2008) Decision Making in Clinical Practice. British Journal of Anaesthetic Recovery Nursing. Vol. 9 (1), pp. 19-21 Humphries J (2002) Assessment and evaluation in nurse prescribing, 2nd ed Palgrave, Hampshire. Kent v Griffiths (2001) QB 36 IN Griffith R, Tengnah C (2004) A question of negligence: the law and the standard of prescribing. Nurse Prescribing 2 (2) 90-92. Kyle, G. (2007) Bowel care, part 5 a practical guide to digital rectal examination. Nursing Times; 103: 45, 28-29. Nursing and Midwifery council (2008) Guidelines for records and record keeping. London. Nursing and Midwifery Council. (2008) The Code: Standards of Conduct, performance and ethics for nurses and midwives. London, NMC. Wondergerm F (2005) Relieving constipation. Journal of community nursing, 5 12-16 Peate I (2003) Nursing role in the management of constipation: use of laxatives. British Journal of Nursing. 12 (19) 1130-1136. RCN (2006) Digital Rectal Examination and Manual Removal of Faeces: Guidance for Nurses. London: RCN Timby B, Schere J, Smith N (1999) Introductory Medical-Surgical Nursing. 7th edn. , Philadelphia, Lippincott. Walker R (1997) Diagnosis and treatment of constipation. Practice Nursing 8 (4) 20-22

The Mating Dance in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice Essay -- Pride a

The Mating Dance in Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice As befitting the title of Jane Austen’s novel, pride and prejudice – as well as social decorum – restrain the protagonists’ feelings toward each other, resulting in a love that is forged by caution and tempered by time. Allen suggests that â€Å"simply because desire is not expressed, it does not cease to exist; repressed, it does not disappear. Instead it is symbolically displaced, returning with repetitive insistence in a concealed form† (426). In other words, although Elizabeth and Darcy’s feelings are hidden, these â€Å"concealed forms† of expression continue to fuel the lovers in their courtship. Literature and dance coexist with social decorum in strengthening Elizabeth and Darcy’s relationship, while facial expressions have neither social nor cultural boundaries. Abiding by the laws of decorum, literature, dance, and facial expressions help Elizabeth and Darcy break through their personal repressions and discover their l ove for each other. Literature appears in Pride and Prejudice in the form of books and letters. For most of Parts One and Two of the novel, Elizabeth Bennet’s social standing and the indecorum of her family repel Darcy. He remarks that because the Benett sisters have family in Cheapside, it â€Å"must very materially lessen their chance of marrying men of any consideration in the world† (Austen, 33). However, Darcy’s distain is greatly reduced when he discovers that Elizabeth prefers reading to cards. It is a matter of nurture triumphing over nature, for Elizabeth is cultured and educated despite her upbringing. Darcy may be subconsciously or even purposely referring to Elizabeth when he adds the virtues of extensive reading to the list of qualities he admires ... ... love for Elizabeth: he â€Å"was in the middle before [he] knew that [he] had begun† (Austen, 317). While still adhering to social norms and decorum, Elizabeth and Darcy are able to shed their pride and prejudice through the natural influences of literature, dance, and facial expression. As these modes of expressions are not immediately apparent in terms of love, they help Elizabeth and Darcy build a relationship that withstands the test of time and of scrutiny. Works Cited Allen, Dennis W. â€Å"No Love for Lydia: The Fate of Desire in Pride and Prejudice.† Texas Studies in Literature and Languages. 1985 Winter: 27: 425-443. Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York, U.S.A.: Signet Classic, 1996. Stovel, Bruce. â€Å" ‘A Contrariety of Emotion’: Jane Austen’s Ambivalen Lovers in Pride And Prejudice.† International Fiction Review (IFR). 1987 Winter: 14 (1): 27-33.

The US Financial Crisis: A personal Revelation

After the Second World War, no one ever though that the father of democracy and the most developed nation in the world would ever be affected by a crisis arising from financial issues.   The growth of US and its position as a world power was due to the central role it played in the world war and the developments it made thereafter.Feared by its enemies and respected by its allies, the US was and still is the envy of all nations.   Though still the most developed nation and a financial power, the 2008 crisis which was a result of a combination of factors including a fall of sub prime, failure of financial establishments, high oil prices, unbearable rates of inflation and the failure of major industries.The order presented is quite similar to the actual events though there were considerable overlaps.   The US economy is badly affected, many jobs have been lost and to deal with the effects o the crisis the US will need to develop robust economic strategies.Any normal society can b e divided into two major categories: the poor and the rich.   This is a categorisation whose basis is resource ability and influence is a true depiction of the reality on the ground.   Happiness is assumed to be directly related to financial ability and all that most people seek in their lives is resource empowerment.   A look at the US shows that the cause of failure of its system arose from a single cause which multiplied.   If one should fall into the temptation that the route to happiness is amassing wealth at all cost, then they are just as gullible to failure for such an approach was the reason behind failure of sub prime mortgages.Even the rich in the society have their own problem which may even be greater than those of the poor; a third world nation is less likely to be faced by a crisis of such magnitude.When one is developing his riches, he should ensure that he develops other support systems for in reality the quest for money has no clear correlation to happiness .   Happiness is a state of mind and one cannot justify that by being rich he will live his life a happy person for as at now both Americans and Iraqis are suffering.The US case has been a personal revelation on the nature of life and what does entail.   Life is complex and success does not guarantee one will live a trouble free life.   The resilience that the Americans have shown in the face of adversity should be adopted by all people journeying through life.   The knowledge that all are susceptible to challenges is important in generating hope which is central in to the entire recovery process.The US approach to the crisis is a jewel to behold.   The US acknowledged it had a crisis and took relevant measures that did not necessarily involve the help of other nation rather the mechanisms implemented internally developed systems to deal with the crisis.Call it the personal will to deal with a problem or having the ability to; either one should never ignore their problems but should acknowledge that a problem exist and take relevant measure to deal with the problem. Screaming for help is not always the best approach to dealing with personal problems for we all have infinite personal ability that we must develop in times of plenty and emplo

Functions of Retail Management - 1021 Words

FUNCTIONS OF RETAIL MANAGEMENT When attempting to start a business, having a keen understanding of the goals of management through the main four management functions is one key to seeing success, both with the operation and with employees. With this said, a vital part of planning of the management end will involve three important activities. The first stage, planning involves developing a systematic process for attaining the goals of the organization...Leaders make change happen through planning instead of reacting to change (EntEd 2007). The first of which will be to lay out the goals that will be set for the hypothetical sporting goods store used as the example, the second will be to create a business plan since the development†¦show more content†¦It will be important for them to realize how every task they complete connects to the goals or the business plan so there is a sense of value and something at stake. Directing will not end at this stage or even after the business is open, it will continue to be a necessary component that I must actively keep up with in order for this sporting goods store to succeed. Controlling goes hand in hand with directing as it will be important for me as a manager and owner to match the tasks delegated with the business plan and goals so that I can keep firm tabs on how we are progressing. This not only involves monitoring of progress but being vigilant so that if negative changes are occurring I can resolve the issue. As Richman (2006) more succinctly puts it, when it comes to controlling, in project management terms, it involves determining variances from the approved plan, then taking action to correct those variances. Through my fulfilling of these four important functions of management, I would be a permissive leader. 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